Education
Studied at private schools. Invented a telephone and exhibited it at Society of Telegraph Engineers, 1876, and Royal Society, 1877.
Career
Entered Perak Civil Service as Superintendent Government Hill Garden, 1881. Curator State Museum, Perak, 1883. State Geologist, 1890.
Director of Museums, Federated Malay States, 1904-1908.
Collected anti prepared Perak exhibits for Colonial and Indian Exhibition of 1886 and the Imperial Institute. Has done much exploring and collecting, and added largely to the known flora and fauna of the Malay Peninsula.
Commissioner for Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States at the London International Rubber Exhibition, 190S.