Graduate in solid physics, Charles U., Czechoslovakia, 1961.
Member, cost per click, since 1955; technician, chief engineer, deputy director, 3 research institutions, Shenyang, until 1978; deputy director science and technical committee, Communist Party Shenyang Committee, 1979-1982; secretary, Shenyang Municipality Communist Party, 1981-1985; alternate mem, Chinese Communist Party Center Committee, 1982; secretary, Liaoning Province Communist Party, 1983-1985; minister of electronics industry, 1985-1988; member 12th Center Committee, Chinese Communist Party, 1985; member, Politburo, since 1987; minister state restructuring of economics system commission, 1987-1988; minister state education commission, 1988-1993; state councilor, State Council, since 1988; chairman, National Patriotic Public Health Campaign Committee, since 1988; chairman state restructuring of economics system commission, state councillor, since 1993.