Lipman Younker

Background

Younker was born in 1834; one of six sons of Isaac Younker and Jennie Younker. Lipman lived for a couple of years in the town of Louisiana, Missouri, before relocating to Keokuk, Iowa, in 1854. The decision to settle in Keokuk was probably well calculated, situated at the confluence of the Mississippi and Des Moines rivers, the state’s “Gate City” was a key terminal for commercial steamboat traffic. The appeal of the town was possibly strengthened by the presence of a Jewish population that was, by some historians’ estimates, the largest of any Iowa town prior to the Civil War.

Education

Raised in an Orthodox Jewish household, Younker received a traditional education through the local Hebrew school. When those studies concluded at the age of 13, he began considering options for employment.

With little prospect for success in Lipno, a community that confined Jews to a residential ghetto and offered limited opportunities in its local trades, each brother, while still a teenager, emigrated to the United States in search of a more promising future.

Career

When Marcus had the misfortune of dropping a precious supply of business stationery, his only asset, into a dirty gutter while boarding a stagecoach. Although Lipman’s younger siblings did not prosper in their initial ventures and eventually moved westward to join him in Iowa, they undoubtedly acquired some valuable insights into the merchandising world during their time in the nation’s trade center.

Once reunited in Keokuk, the three Younkers opened a dry-goods and clothing store on the town’s Main Street in 1856. Their merchandise would have included the “staple and fancy” stock typical of such an establishment: linens, carpet, small domestic furnishings, and a practical assortment of fabrics and garments. In the early years, the proprietors supplemented their local trade with peddling excursions into the rural areas of Lee and Des Moines counties, giving isolated settlers access to essential household products. In its first decade of operations, Younker & Brothers weathered the tentative economy and general disruptions of the Civil War, steadily increasing its public profile and inventory.

Committed as they were to the success of their business, the Younkers did not allow those interests to interfere with their religious life. On Saturdays, when other Keokuk retailers were enjoying their most prosperous day of the week, the dry-goods store remained closed in observance of the Jewish Sabbath. The brothers were active in the B’nai Israel Congregation and B’nai B’rith service organization, periodically serving those groups as officers and trustees. When members of B’nai Israel desired a permanent house of worship, Samuel was appointed to the building committee and had a lead role in erecting Iowa’s first synagogue.

In 1860 the Younker store was launched, construction began on a railroad linking Keokuk to Des Moines. On August 29, 1866, when the first passenger train made its historic run to the capital, Samuel Younker was among the Keokuk civic and business leaders the Des Moines Valley Railroad transported for the celebration. While his inclusion in the prestigious passenger list spoke to the success of the family enterprise in Keokuk, the triumph for the railroad would have implications for the company’s future. With miles of new rail lines expanding into the state’s interior, Keokuk and other Mississippi River towns lost a degree of their commercial edge. Having noted that the state capital was outpacing their community in growth, the astute merchants sent a half-brother, Herman Younker, to Des Moines in 1874 to launch a branch of their dry-goods firm in the city’s Walnut Street business district. As the focus shifted to the new location, the home store at Keokuk underwent an inevitable decline, and shortly after Samuel’s unexpected death in May 1879 it was permanently closed.

Although the company would eventually shorten its name to “Younkers,” the tradition of shrewd management and progressive thinking initiated by brothers Lipman, Samuel, and Marcus, would remain unaltered as the family business evolved into one of the region’s largest department store chains, with branches eventually operating in seven midwestern states.

Connections

During the 1860s, the merchants also found time to start families. Lipman married Gertrude Cohen, whose father, Falk Cohen, was a respected New York City rabbi.

Father:

Isaac Younker

Mother:

Jennie Younker

Spouse:

Gertrude Cohen

References

• The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa Iowa has been blessed with citizens of strong character who have made invaluable contributions to the state and to the nation. In the 1930s alone, such towering figures as John L. Lewis, Henry A. Wallace, and Herbert Hoover hugely influenced the nation’s affairs.
  2008