Corona trágica / Tragic Crown: Vida Y Muerte De La Serenísima Reina De Escocia María Estuarda / Life and Death of Mary, Queen of Scots (Letras Hispánicas) (Spanish Edition)
Peribanez y el comendador de Ocana (Spanish Edition)
(Espasa-Calpe. Madrid. 1991. 18 cm. 197 p. Encuadernación ...)
Espasa-Calpe. Madrid. 1991. 18 cm. 197 p. Encuadernación en tapa blanda de editorial ilustrada. Colección 'Colección austral', 225. Vega, Lope de 1562-1635. Peribáñez y el comendador de Ocaña. Edición, José María Ruano de la Haza. Bibliografía: p. 67-75. Colección austral (1987). 225 .. Este libro es de segunda mano y tiene o puede tener marcas y señales de su anterior propietario. ISBN: 84-239-7225-9
Las paces de los reyes y judía de Toledo (Teatro) (Spanish Edition)
(Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio (Madrid, 1562-Madrid, 1635). ...)
Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio (Madrid, 1562-Madrid, 1635). España. Nació en una familia modesta, estudió con los jesuitas y no terminó la universidad en Alcalá de Henares, parece que por asuntos amorosos. Tras su ruptura con Elena Osorio (Filis en sus poemas), su gran amor de juventud, Lope escribió libelos contra la familia de ésta. Por ello fue procesado y desterrado en 1588, año en que se casó con Isabel de Urbina (Belisa). Pasó los dos primeros años en Valencia, y luego en Alba de Tormes, al servicio del duque de Alba. En 1594, tras fallecer su esposa y su hija, fue perdonado y volvió a Madrid. Allí tuvo una relación amorosa con una actriz, Micaela Luján (Camila Lucinda) con la que tuvo mucha descendencia, hecho que no impidió su segundo matrimonio, con Juana Guardo, del que nacieron dos hijos. Entonces era uno de los autores más populares y aclamados de la Corte. En 1605 entró al servicio del duque de Sessa como secretario, aunque también actuó como intermediario amoroso de éste. La desgracia marcó sus últimos años: Marta de Nevares una de sus últimas amantes quedó ciega en 1625, perdió la razón y murió en 1632. También murió su hijo Lope Félix. La soledad, el sufrimiento, la enfermedad, o los problemas económicos no le impidieron escribir.
Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio was a Spanish playwright, poet, novelist and marine.
Background
Lope de Vega was born in Madrid on December 12, 1562.
His father, Félix de Vega, was an embroiderer. Little is known of his mother, Francisca Fernández Flórez. He later added the distinguished name of Carpio from one of his in-laws.
Education
The first indications of young Lope's genius became apparent in his earliest years. His friend and biographer Pérez de Montalbán stated that at the age of five he was already reading Spanish and Latin, and by his tenth birthday he was translating Latin verse. He wrote his first play when he was 12, allegedly El verdadero amante, as he would later affirm in his dedication of the work to his son Lope, although these statements are most probably exaggerations.
His great talent bore him to the school of poet and musician Vicente Espinel in Madrid, to whom he later always referred with veneration. In his fourteenth year he continued his studies in the Colegio Imperial, a Jesuit school in Madrid, from which he absconded to take part in a military expedition in Portugal. Following that escapade, he had the good fortune of being taken into the protection of the Bishop of Ávila, who recognized the lad's talent and saw him enrolled in the University of Alcalá. Following graduation Lope had planned to follow in his patron's footsteps and join the priesthood, but those plans were dashed by falling in love and realizing that celibacy was not for him. Thus he failed to attain a bachelor's degree and made what living he could as a secretary to aristocrats or by writing plays.
In 1583 Lope enlisted in the Spanish Navy and saw action at the Battle of Ponta Delgada in the Azores, under the command of his future friend Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz, to whose son he would later dedicate a play.
Career
Among his sources were history, folklore, saints' lives, the Bible, New World travel reports, mythology, and contemporary events. King Philip II had recently named Madrid capital of the vast Spanish Empire; soon it became an international center swarming with bureaucrats, diplomats, grandees, hidalgos, soldiers, poets, dramatists, actors, actresses, thugs, picaros, judges, magistrates, wild-eyed dreamers, and foreigners from nearly everywhere. In Lope's childhood, plays were given in corrales, or open courtyards, owned by religious societies. These societies rented their courtyards to producers of plays; the income was used to care for the old and the indigent, thus early identifying Spanish drama with ecclesiastical philanthropy. By the time of Lope's young adulthood, plays at the Corral of the Cross and the Corral of the Prince were attracting eager audiences. With the increasing demand for comedias, other corrales opened in Madrid, Seville, Toledo, Valencia, Granada, Cordova, Barcelona, and Valladolid. Spanish show business grew apace, and playwrights found a ready sale for their products; but throughout Spain for several decades the favorite dramatist was Lope de Vega. The number of Lope's plays has been estimated to be from 700 to 2, 200 (current opinion favors the lesser figure).
Marta de Nevares, called "Amarilis" in his poetry, seemed to Lope to be the ideal woman he had spent his life searching for. In her middle 206, she flattered him with the gift of her youth and beauty, and she was in turn flattered by his great fame. His letters and his verse tell how he idolized her. In one letter to the Duke of Sessa, his patron, he wrote, "At last I have found the physician for my wounds. " But Marta had a husband, "a brutish man, " according to Lope, who became more and more jealous, finally bringing Lope and Marta before an ecclesiastical court. For weeks the scandal of the trial filled Lope and Marta with anguish. In his letters Lope lashed out diatribes at the man, Roque Hernández, alleging that "the hair on his body begins at his eyes and ends at his toes. " Marta, fully as much as Lope, wanted to be rid of the man to whom her parents had married her against her wishes. Besides, she was pregnant with Lope's child. After prolonged labor, the child was born and baptized Antonia Clara. When, soon afterward, an unsuccessful attempt was made on Lope's life, he blamed Hernández. During the lengthy litigation Roque Hernández died. In a letter to the Duke of Sessa, Lope expressed savage joy at the news. Marta then moved with their daughter to Lope's house. In the same household lived Feliciana, daughter of his second wife, Juana, and Lopito, natural son of Micaela de Luján-a singular household for a priest. When a string of catastrophes struck his household, Lope felt it to be divine punishment for his transgressions. The first catastrophe was Marta's blindness in 1620. Then was added the crushing burden of her temporary insanity and in 1632 her death. Two years later Lopito drowned; the same year a Madrid hidalgo abducted Antonia Clara, his and Marta's beloved teen-age daughter. Aggressive and growing competition from younger playwrights disheartened Lope professionally. The audience's tastes were changing, leaving him somewhat behind the times. In his last days professional frustration as well as personal grief, melancholy, and remorse enveloped him. His sense of contrition was so strong that he flagellated himself regularly, following a medieval practice of atonement. He died on August 27, 1635.
Quotations:
Lope's Drama "The man who attempts to write according to rules known to so few people will fail financially. When I sit down to write a play, I lock up the rules with six keys and drive Plautus and Terence out of my study to stop their howling. I keep an eye on the box office, and because the common man pays the piper, I pipe the tune he likes. " These words come from Lope de Vega's Arte nuevo de hacer comedias (1609; New Art of Playwriting).
Connections
His first known entanglement, with Elena Osorio, lasted 4 years and ended in 1587, when he distributed scurrilous verse about her; for this he was imprisoned and banished from Madrid for 8 years. But the affair supplied him with subject matter for one of his masterpieces, La Dorotea, published 3 years before his death. The year following his break with Elena Osorio, Lope abducted Isabel de Urbina, daughter of a distinguished Madrid family. Soon separated, they were married by proxy. There is evidence that in 1588 he also served with the Spanish Armada in its disastrous encounter with the English fleet. Still banished from Madrid, he and Isabel went to live in Valencia, where Isabel died in 1594. In Lope's life, liaison followed liaison. He initiated an important affair with Micaela de Luján-called "Camila Lucinda" in his poetry-who bore him several children, among them Marcela, who became a nun, and Lope Félix. Lope's second marriage, in 1598, motivated by his poverty, was to Juana de Guardo, daughter of a meat and fish wholesaler. From his new father-in-law he hoped in vain to receive fiscal relief. This loveless marriage lasted until 1613, when Juana died in childbirth. In 1614 Lope became a priest; he tried to live a chaste life, but his attempts proved to be ineffectual. Three more mistresses are known to have entered his life: Jerónima de Burgos in 1613; Lucia de Salcedo, "La Loca, " in 1616; and in 1617 the greatest and deepest love of his life, Marta de Nevares, his inamorata until her death.
Marta de Nevares, called "Amarilis" in his poetry, seemed to Lope to be the ideal woman he had spent his life searching for. In her middle 206, she flattered him with the gift of her youth and beauty, and she was in turn flattered by his great fame. His letters and his verse tell how he idolized her. In one letter to the Duke of Sessa, his patron, he wrote, "At last I have found the physician for my wounds. " But Marta had a husband, "a brutish man, " according to Lope, who became more and more jealous, finally bringing Lope and Marta before an ecclesiastical court. For weeks the scandal of the trial filled Lope and Marta with anguish. In his letters Lope lashed out diatribes at the man, Roque Hernández, alleging that "the hair on his body begins at his eyes and ends at his toes. " Marta, fully as much as Lope, wanted to be rid of the man to whom her parents had married her against her wishes. Besides, she was pregnant with Lope's child. After prolonged labor, the child was born and baptized Antonia Clara. When, soon afterward, an unsuccessful attempt was made on Lope's life, he blamed Hernández. During the lengthy litigation Roque Hernández died. In a letter to the Duke of Sessa, Lope expressed savage joy at the news. Marta then moved with their daughter to Lope's house. In the same household lived Feliciana, daughter of his second wife, Juana, and Lopito, natural son of Micaela de Luján-a singular household for a priest. When a string of catastrophes struck his household, Lope felt it to be divine punishment for his transgressions. The first catastrophe was Marta's blindness in 1620. Then was added the crushing burden of her temporary insanity and in 1632 her death.