Background
Lorrin Andrews was born on April 29, 1795 in Tolland County, Connecticut, United States. It is only known that he was born in a Congregational home.
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Lorrin Andrews was born on April 29, 1795 in Tolland County, Connecticut, United States. It is only known that he was born in a Congregational home.
After finishing the work of local schools, he studied in Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, and received his B. A.
Having decided meanwhile upon the ministry as a career, he entered Princeton Theological Seminary and finished his course there in 1825. He was ordained on Sept. 21, 1827, at Washington, Kentucky.
In the autumn of 1827 the American Board, of Boston, commissioned a reinforcement of sixteen persons for the Hawaiian Islands Mission. The company sailed from Boston on November 3, aboard the Parthian, Capt. Blinn, and passing around Cape Horn reached Honolulu, March 30, 1828. Among the number were Andrews and Mary Wilson, his new bride.
Within a month of his arrival he was assigned to the station at Lahaina, on the western shore of the island of Maui. He undertook his work in the spirit of a previous meeting of the Hawaiian missionaries which had decided that their service was "for life. " For a while, language study took much of his time.
In 1829 the first stone church on the islands was completed at Lahaina, 104 by 50 feet in size, and dedicated at the request of Hoapili, the governor, with the name "Ebenezer. "
In 1831 the Mission decided to put into operation a high school for the training of teachers, the Hawaiian government co"perating in the enterprise. This school, accordingly, was opened in September of the same year at Lahainaluna, or "Upper Lahaina, " two miles inland and 700 feet above the port. Andrews was assigned to the principalship of the school, an office which he held for ten years.
The first year of the new "missionary seminary" began with twenty-five young men enrolled and closed with sixty-seven. A course of four years was projected. It was the school's design not only to prepare native schoolteachers, but also promising natives to become assistant teachers and ministers of religion, "to disseminate sound knowledge through the islands, " and to render the population "a thinking, enlightened and virtuous people, " in the words of the Board's official report. Within a few years industrial training became a feature of the school. Printing was undertaken.
On February 14, 1834 Andrews published the first Hawaiian newspaper. He taught himself from books the process of copperplate engraving and established, at his own cost, a considerable engraving enterprise, begging copper at first from passing ships. For a time the new station of Lahainaluna was part of the old Lahaina, but in 1835 it had grown to independence, and Andrews was the senior missionary.
Along with his work as teacher and industrialist, he gave attention to translation of the entire Bible into the Hawaiian tongue. He also acted for a time (1837) as teacher and interpreter for certain Hawaiian chiefs, having obtained from the Mission "conditional dismission" therefor. He had already considered the matter of teaching both the king and the chiefs politics, law, and political economy.
In 1841 he offered the Board his unconditional resignation, and turned eventually to government service in which he saw a wider and more congenial field of labor. The immediate occasion for the resignation was his objection to the receipt by the Mission Board of contributions from slaveholders. For a time he filled the post of seaman's chaplain at Lahaina.
In 1845 he removed to Honolulu and accepted appointment as judge in the government court in cases involving foreigners. Constitutional government had previously been established and the independence of the islands recognized by the powers.
In 1846 he was made a member of the privy council, serving for several years as secretary and keeping the records both in English and Hawaiian. In 1848 he was appointed a member of the superior court of law and equity, and in 1852 became first associate justice of the supreme court.
He resigned in 1855 from the supreme court and was made judge of the court of probate and divorce with jurisdiction throughout the islands.
In 1859 he retired on a government pension of $1, 000 yearly. The last years of his life were devoted to research and authorship. His research into ancient meles, or songs, and the traditions of the Hawaiian people is said to have been probably more extensive than that of any other missionary.
Shortly before his death he became nearly blind, but continued his work through an amanuensis. He died in Honolulu, leaving, in the words of the American Board report for 1869, "a noble record. "
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He was, according to island testimony, "a thorough and profound scholar. "
He had wide interests, was well read, extremely conscientious, and though diffident was highly respected by all.
He was married to Mary Ann Wilson in 1828; they had five children.