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Hubbard was born in 1836 in Troy, New York. He was the son of Charles Frederick and Margaret Ann Van Valkenburg Hubbard, combining in his ancestry New England and Dutch stock. In 1840, at the death of his father, he was sent to live with an aunt at Chester, Vt.
He attended the academy at Chester, Vt. and one at Granville, N. Y. , until he was fifteen. Thereafter he was a tinner's apprentice at Poultney, Vt. , and Salem, N. Y.
In 1854, he went to Chicago to practise his trade. In 1857, as he expressed it, he "drifted into the current of immigration that was strongly flowing westward" – a current that carried him to Red Wing, Minn. He had brought with him political enthusiasm, journalistic ambitions, and an old hand printing-press with type; and he proceeded to use all of these in launching the Red Wing Republican on September 4, 1857. Minnesota was in the process of becoming a state at this time, and the newly organized but rapidly growing Republican party was struggling to wrest control from the entrenched Democracy. Hubbard espoused the Republican cause in his paper and was perhaps influential in bringing about the victory of the party in the second state election in 1859. From 1858 to 1860 he was register of deeds of Goodhue County and was becoming politically known.
On December 19, 1861, the young newspaper editor enlisted as a private in Company A, 5th Minnesota Infantry. His rise during the next year was rapid; he was commissioned captain of his company on February 4, lieutenant-colonel on March 24, and colonel on August 30. In 1863 he was given command of a brigade, and on December 16, 1864, he was made brigadier-general by brevet for conspicuous gallantry in the battle of Nashville. Among other important engagements in which he and his command participated were the battle of Corinth, the assault and siege of Vicksburg, the Red River campaign, and the taking of Mobile. At the end of the war, he returned to Red Wing and entered the grain business, later adding flour milling to his interests.
From 1872 to 1876 he was a member of the state Senate after which he engaged in the building and management of local railroads. He continued to take an active part in political campaigns, however, and in 1881 was rewarded for his services to the party with the Republican nomination for governor. The party was so strong that his election was a foregone conclusion, and he was reëlected in 1883. Because of a constitutional amendment changing the state elections to coincide with national elections, his second term was extended to three years.
As governor Hubbard exhibited ordinary talents and extraordinary common sense. Genuinely interested in agriculture, and perhaps not unimpressed by the current agrarian revolt, he recommended and obtained legislation to enlarge the powers and duties of the state railroad and warehouse commission, to the end that discriminatory freight rates and unfair grading of wheat might be prevented. He was also instrumental in reorganizing the State Agricultural Society and in obtaining for it a substantial appropriation from the legislature. At the close of his term he retired to private life in Red Wing. His period of public service was not, however, completed; in 1898 he was appointed brigadier-general of United States Volunteers and given command of the 3rd Division of the VII Army Corps at Jacksonville, Fla. , where he remained until the muster-out of the volunteer army the following year. From 1901 to 1911 he lived in St. Paul and thereafter in Minneapolis, where he died.
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He was a member of the Minnesota Historical Society and a contributor to its publications, and author of parts of Minnesota in the Civil and Indian Wars (2 vols. , 1890 - 93) and Minnesota in Three Centuries (4 vols. , 1908).
He had married, on May 17, 1868, Amelia Thomas, the daughter of Charles Thomas of Red Wing.
