1907-1916 member, Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party (Mensheviks). 1916-1918 member, Social-Democratic Internationalist Party: revol work in Kiev, Tula and Moscow. 1917 member, Moscow Soviet.
After 1917 October Revol political work in Red Army. Deputy head, Polit Board, Red Army. Head, Polit Board, Belorussian, then Siberian Military district.
Assistant prosecutor, Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics Supreme Court and military prosecutor. Executive cd, newspaper “Krasnaya zvezda” and journal “Znamva”. Arrested by State Security organs.
Communist Party member from 1918.