Career
1903 joined Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party. Party work in Odessa, Moscow and Saint St. Petersburg. After 1917 February Revol propagandist, Petrograd’s 1st City Rayon Party Committee.
Secretary, Bolshevik Faction, City Duma. 1917 Petrograd deleg at 7th (April) Russian Social-Democratic Workers ’Party (Bolsheviks) Conference. During preparation and implementation of 1917 October Revol active Kamenev supporter.
1918, after dissolution of Constituent Assembly, left the Party. 1920 confessed his “errors”. And was readmitted to the Party.
Administration works; taught in Moscow and Leningrad. Arrested by State Security organs.
