Background

El-Sharkawy, Mabrouk Abdul-Salam was born on 7 April in 1937 in Shobratana, Gharbiah, Egypt. Son of Abdul-Salam Ahmed and Farah Ali (Ghorab) Sharkawy. Arrived in Colombia, 1980, where he is currently living with his wife and daughter after retirement.

Education

Bachelor of Science (with honor), Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria, 1958;

Master of Science, Louisiana State University, 1961;

Doctor of Philosophy, U. Arizona, 1965.

Career

U. Alexandria fellow, 1955-1958. Research assistant, National Research Center, Cairo, 1958-1960; associate physiologist, University of California, Davis, 1965-1966; physiologist, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, 1966-1968; professor, U. Libya, Tripoli, 1968-1978; head plant production department, Arab Organisation Agriculture Development, Tripoli, 1978-1980; physiologist, Center International Agriculture Tropical, Cali-Palmira 1980-1997.

He started reading and writing at 4 years old at home with the help of his father, before entering elementary school in Shobratana village. In summer 1946 he successfully passed with high marks the required entrance examinations for the public primary school at Basyun district, 6 km away, where he was assigned to the second year. For lack of transportation means then, the unpaved "clay-dirt road" located beside an irrigation canal connecting Shobratana and Basyun was either walked both ways on feet or with donkey ride when available. More than once during cold rainy days of winter seasons, he experienced hardships walking in thick slippery mud, sometimes reaching his classes later than the official time with dirty uniform and shoes. He was granted a scholarship until graduating in June 1949 with "very good level grade" that allowed him to enter high school at both Basyun and Tanta (the capital of Governorate of Gharbiyah, 30 km away) secondary schools, also with a fellowship, where he graduated in 1954. He attended Alexandria University in Egypt 1954 where he was granted a government ´s fellowship (1955-58). In 1958, he achieved his BSc degree in Agriculture, majoring in Agronomy (with honors). Mabrouk spent most of his spare time working at the family farm where he gained an immense experience at an early age in animal and crop husbandry that strengthened his studies at the university.

He spent the next two years at the National Research Centre in Dokki, Cairo as a Research Assistant in plant genetics before traveling to the USA to continue his postgraduate studies aided with an Egyptian Government´s scholarship (1959-1965). In the early 1960s, Mr. El-Sharkawy was a Graduate Student at Louisiana State University and the University of Arizona, completing his MSc and then his Ph.D., in Plant Breeding and Plant Physiology, respectively. His MSc thesis title was: "Inheritance of Fiber Strength and Fiber Elongation in Uppland Cotton and Their Relation to Each Other", 1961, which led to two published papers co-authored with J. E.Jones, M. T. Henderson, K. W. Tipton, 1964. The Ph.D. Dissertation title was: "Factors Limiting Photosynthetic Rates of Different Plant Species", 1965, which led to the publication of a series of papers, co-authored with J. D. Hesketh and H. Muramoto. One of these papers: "Photosynthesis among species in relation to characteristics of leaf anatomy and CO2 diffusion resistances". Crop Sci. 5: 517-21, 1965, was designated Citation Classic, 1986, by the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), Pennsylvania, USA. This paper identified the many differences in photosynthetic rates and capacities in relation to several anatomical, physiological and biochemical leaf traits among C3 plants (eg., cotton, sunflower, wheat..) and C4 plants (eg., maize, sorghum, sugarcane, Amaranthus..). C4 species, mostly of hot and tropical habitat, were characterized by high photosynthetic rate, high saturation light intensity, high optimum temperature for maximum rate, zero photorespiration in CO2-free air, near zero CO2 compensation point, low carbonic anhydrase activity, high stomatal resistance and low mesophyll resistance to CO2 diffusion, high photosynthesis: transpiration ratio, and leaf "Kranz anatomy"(i.e., leaves with two types of chloroplast-containing cells:vascular bundle sheath and mesophyll cells). This ground-breaking research done at the University of Arizona was pivotal and paved the way for a burst of photosynthetic research across continents. The many made afterward detailed discoveries of the C4 biochemical photosynthetic pathway, as termed "Hatch and Slack pathway" in sugarcane and other C4 species were enhanced and quickly achieved after the discoveries made at Arizona had been presented during several scientific meetings held within the USA (1963-66) and had been published in the journal Crop Science, of the American Society of Agronomy & Crop Science, the early 1960s.

El-Sharkawy began his career, 1965, as an Associate Plant Physiologist at the University of California at Davis, where he worked with Bob Loomis and Bill Williams on crop ecophysiology funded with a grant from the National Science Foundation, USA. They discovered another C4 species, Amaranthus edulis (known as grain amaranth), also had rapid photosynthetic CO2 exchange rates, a zero CO2 compensation point, high optimum temperature and high light intensity for maximum photosynthetic rate, as well as leaf Kranz anatomy. This grain amaranth had been cultivated for food by the Aztecs and Incas in Central and South America before the time of Cortez. This previously neglected yet efficient C4 plant has recently received the attention of agricultural research and development agencies as a potential food crop. Furthermore, the research at Davis provided crucial data needed for the development of the first comprehensive and mechanistic crop growth model for maize by Bill Duncan et al., 1967.

During that time, El-Sharkawy met at Davis the eminent Dutch mathematician-physicist C. T. de Wit who developed the first model on "Photosynthesis of leaf canopies", 1965. Professor de Wit founded a highly respected crop simulation school attracting many brilliant young scientists at Wageningen, the Netherlands.

Upon returning to his native country, Egypt, in late 1966, El-Sharkawy worked as crop physiologist, cotton section, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza-Cairo. For the next ten years, Dr. El-Sharkawy was employed as a professor at the University of Tripoli in Libya, during which time he was also Head of the Agronomy Division at the Faculty of Agriculture. Besides his duties in teaching and research, he co-founded the first private consulting firm in Libya, Agricultural Studies Office, that took a leading role in developing the major agriculture development projects in Libya (1975-80). In 1978 he became Head of Plant Production at the Arab Organization of Agricultural Development, Arab League, North Africa, and two years after that began work for the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) in Cali, Colombia as a Crop Physiologist (1980-97). Between 1988-96 Dr. El-Sharkawy was coordinator and manager of the Integrated Cassava Production Project. His research on cassava had received substantial financial support from the governments of Germany, Switzerland, Colombia, Brazil, UK, USA, IFAD (ROME) and Australia. Stimulated by the outcome of cassava research at CIAT, the area under cassava cultivation with improved cultivars, particularly in stressful environments characterized by drought and poor soils, increased rapidly in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Traditionally considered a subsistence small-farmer crop, cassava, owing to its inherent superior physiological traits as compared with other food crops, has become an attractive commercial crop with the great potential to tolerate observed climate change in the tropic/subtropic regions.

Achievements

• Achievements include discovery of C3/C4 syndrome in plant photosynthesis, desert farming system of North Africa, physiological characteristics of Cassava productivity in the tropics.
  
  1. Discovery of the many aspects of C3/C4 syndrome of plant photosynthesis in about 40 species including the whole cotton germplasm, tropical grasses, cool and warm climate crops including maize, sorghum, sugarcane, wheat, barley , sunflower , sugar beets and amaranthus species. This work received the Citation Classic Award, 1986, Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), PA, USA.
  
  2. Development of novel farming systems in sandy soils of the Sahara desert, North Africa.
  
  3. Conducted feasibility studies and soil survey; evaluated farming systems and water resources management for irrigation in several agricultural development projects including al-Kufra Oasis project, Great Sand Sea al-Sarir project, Shat al-Badeen project and Marada Oasis project, Libya.
  
  4. Photosynthesis and physiological characterization of the cultivated and wild species of cotton.
  
  5. Selection of cassava cultivars tolerant to water stress and poor soils in the tropics.
  
  6. Physiological characterization of leaf photosynthesis of cassava germplasm in relation to crop productivity in the humid, seasonally dry and semi-arid environments; discovered positive association between cassava productivity and single leaf photosynthesis under field conditions; identified and selected cassava cultivars with high storage root yield and high leaf photosynthesis, particularly under water stress and poor soils; research on cassava plant nutrition, soil conservation and management in marginal lands and in hillside cassava farming systems in the tropics; selection of cassava cultivars for high yields and high nutrient use efficiency, particularly under water stress conditions.
  
  7. Selection of barley and wheat cultivars for desert conditions of Libya.
  
  8. Research on plant-soil relationships, irrigation and cropping systems in the Sahara desert of Libya.
  
  9. Discovery of physiological mechanisms underlying cassava tolerance to drought including stomatal sensitivity to atmospheric and soil water stress, deep rooting systems and long leaf duration.
  
  10. Discovery of leaf “Kranz “anatomy and its association with high leaf photosynthesis , very low CO2 compensation point and photorespiration reassimilation in C4 species including maize, sorghum, sugarcane, tropical grasses and weedy and cultivated amaranthus species .
  
  11. Development of method to measure plant photorespiration in CO2- free air now in use in photosynthesis research.
  
  12. Determination of mode of genetic inheritance and number of controlling genes of fiber strength and elongation in upland cotton.
  
  13. Established two agricultural experiment stations for research under irrigation and rain-fed conditions, Libya.
  
  14. Supervised pre- and post- graduate programs for BSc, MSc and PhD students in Libya and in Colombia, Latin America.
  
  15. Took a leading role as professor and head of department in establishing the first Faculty of Agriculture, University of Libya, Tripoli, 1968-1978.
  
  16. As Head of Plant Production Department, Arab Organization for Agriculture Development, Arab League, Tripoli, Libya, coordinated and participated in identification of, wrote terms of references and conducted feasibility studies for several agriculture projects in North African Arab countries, 1978-1980.
  
  
  
  HONORS AND AWARDS:
  
  1. ISI Citation Classics Award for the discovery of the C3/C4 Syndrome in plant photosynthesis, Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) Pennsylvania, USA., 1986.
  
  2. More than 2000 citations in literature, ISI Citation Index, PA, USA.
  
  3. Award for Kufra Oasis research, Agriculture Development Council, Tripoli, Libya, 1975
  
  4. Grants for agricultural crop-soil desert research, 1971-1975.
  
  5. Research Awards, University of Libya, Tripoli, 1973-1978.
  
  6. Fellow, University of California, Davis, CA, USA., 1965-66.
  
  7. Award for Excellence, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Egypt, 1956.
  
  8. Award for Excellence, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 1964.
  
  9. Fellow, University of Alexandria, Egypt, 1955-58.
  
  10. Egyptian Government Scholar in Egypt and in USA, 1958-65.
  
  11. Visiting Professor, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, 1971.
  
  12. Student Senator, University of Arizona Senate, Tucson, AZ, USA, 1964-65.
  
  13. President, International Students Club, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 1964-65.
  
  14. Vice President, Arab Students Club, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 1963-64.
  
  15. Vice President, Arab Students Club, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, La., 1961-62.
  
  16. Vice President, Muslim Students Association, University of Arizona, 1963-64.
  
  17. Member, Sigma XI Honorary Scientific Society, University of Arizona Chapter and the International Chapter, Washington, DC, USA.
  
  18. Member, New York Academy of Sciences, NY,USA.
  
  19. Recognition awards for outstanding achievements in science, research,teaching and training, 2005 from: a) Universidad del Valle, Cali ,Colombia; b) Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira; c) CORPOICA Centro de Investigacion, Palmira, Colombia.
  
  20. Listed in: Who’s Who in the World (Marquis, USA); Who’s Who in Science
  
  and Engineering (Marquis); Dictionary of International Biography, IBC, Cambridge, UK; Men of Achievements, IBC, Cambridge, UK; Five Thousand Personalities of the World, ABI, USA; International Who’s Who of Professionals, Who’s Who Historical Society, USA; Outstanding People of the 20th Century, IBC; 2000 Outstanding Scientists of the 20th Century IBC, Living Science 2003 IBC, Great Lives in 21st Century 2006 IBC; 2000 Outstanding Scientists of the 21st Century, IBC; World’s Who’s Who of Men and Women of Distinction, IBRF, India; Asia/Pacific Who’s Who, RI, India.
  
  21. Listed in: Top Authors in Agronomy worldwide (ranking order #495 out of 79,285 researchers, in top 0.6%). Checked on 11th February 2012.
  
  http://academic.research.microsoft.com/RankList?entitytype=2&topDomainID=16&subDomainID=1&last=0&start=401&end=500
  
  22. Listed in: Top Authors in Agricultural Science worldwide (ranking order #2087 out of 408,633 researchers, in top 0.5%). Checked on 11th February 2012.
  
  http://academic.research.microsoft.com/RankList?entitytype=2&topDomainID=16&subDomainID=0&last=0&start=1&end=100
  
  
  
  AVOCATIONS: Farming, gardening, traveling, reading, writing, oriental music, social and charity works, Islamic Sufism.
  
  
  
  SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES:
  
  1. Co-Founder and teacher, as a young high school student, of a free evening school for the abolition of the then widespread illiteracy, Shobratana Village, Gharbyiah Governorate, Egypt, 1953.
  
  2. Co-Founder and donor, as a senior research scientist, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), of Fundación Voluntarios Charity Organization for taking care of abandoned children and old people, Palmira, Colombia, 1992.
  
  3. Organized and led very active international student club, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 1964-65.http://content.library.arizona.edu/…/coll…/uaphotos/id/1164/
  
  4. Student Senator, representing the graduate school, University of Arizona Senate, Tucson, AZ, USA, 1964-65.
  
  5. Permanent donations to support resource-limited young students, Shobratana Village, Gharbyiah Governorate, Egypt.
  
  6. Human rights activist and advocate of democracy, freedom, equity, and self-expression.
  
  EDITORIAL ACTIVITIES:
  
  • Editor & Author, Crop Research, Kufra Oasis, Libya, (bulletin), Agric. Dev. Council, Tripoli., 1975.
  
  • Co-Editor, Plant and Soil Interfaces and Interactions, Martinus Nijhoff Pub., The Netherlands, 1987.
  
  • Editor, Libyan Journal of Agriculture, 1974-1978.
  
  • Consulting Editor, Plant, and Soil, Martinus Nijhoff Pub., the Netherlands, 1980-90.
  
  • Writing and editing Cassava Program Annual Report, CIAT, Cali, Colombia 1984-1997.
  
  • Supervising and editing several pre-graduate and post-graduate ( MSc, Ph.D.) Thesis, University of Tripoli, Libya, 1969-1980; and CIAT, Cali, Colombia, 1980-2005.
  
  • Reviewer of research papers, several scientific journals in the area of plant physiology, botany, plant breeding, field crops production, plant nutrition, and soil-plant management.
  
  

Works

More photos

• book

  • Proceedings of the First International Scientific Meeting Cassava

    (Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a hot-climate crop ...)

    1992
  • Crop research in Kufra Oasis, Libyan Arab Republic

    (Buy Crop research in Kufra Oasis, Libyan Arab Republic by...)

    1975
  • Crop Research in Kufra Oasis Libya L'ingnierie de la blague

    (Several field experiments were initiated in the Kufra pro...)

    1975

  • book

    1987

• CIAT-Cassava program

  • CIAT-Cassava program

• Harvested cassava starchy roots

  • Harvested cassava starchy roots

• Other Work

  • Researchers from CIAT(Colombia) and EMBRAPA(Brazil) examining cassava varietal trial in semiarid northeastern Brazil. The crop 4 months after planting received less than 200 mm of precipitation in hot climate.

  • Screening rain-fed cassava germplasm for drought tolerance in sub-Saharan Africa under shortage of available wáter.

  • Asian researchers visiting cassava trial at CIAT-Quilichao Experimental Station in the 1990´s

  • El-Sharkawy´s Plant Physiology Laboratory at CIAT

    (Well-equipped plant physiology laboratory for physiologic...)

    1982

Religion

Although was born and raised in dominantly conservative rural cultures in northern Egypt, Mabrouk El-Sharkawy´s parental grandfather was his spiritual mentor at an early age. As a Muslim- Sunni-Hanafiah doctrine follower (after Imam Abu-Hanifa), and a believer in human unitarianism, he devoted his scientific career and personal life to actively serve and give, particularly for the needy. From the Islamic Sufi (mystic) Al-Rumi (Jalal ad-Din ar-Rumi), September 30, 1207 — December 17, 1273: " If the light is in your heart, you will find your way home"!

من أشهر وأحب ما قاله شعرا فى طاعة وحب الله الصوفي الكبير الحسين إبن منصور الحلاج



و الله ما طلعت شمسٌ ولا غربت

إلا و حبّـك مقـرون بأنفاسـي *

ولا خَلوتُ إلى قومٍ أحدِّثهــم * إلا و أنتَ حديثي بينَ جُلاســي

ولا ذكرتُكَ محزوناً و لا فَرِحاً * إلا و أنتَ بقلبي بينَ وسواســـي

ولا هَممتُ بشربِ الماء من عطشٍ * إلا رَأَيْتُ خيالاً مِنكَ في الكـــأس

ولو قَدرتُ على الإتيان جئتـُكم سعياً * على الوجهِ أو مشياً على الرأس

ما لي وللناسِ كَمْ يلحونني سفهاً * ديني لنفسي ودينُ الناسِ للناسِ

وقد قتل بالعراق مصلوبا عام 922 ميلادى لقوله " أنا الحق" والتى فسرت على أن الله حل بالحلاج على خلاف الشرع الإسلامى ، والعلم عند الله

One of the best poems in love of God by the Sufist Al-Husein Ben Mansour Elhallaj:

I swear to God, the sun has never risen or set without Your love being entwined with my breath;

Neither have I confided in anyone except to talk about You.

Never have I mentioned Your name in gladness or in sorrow,

Unless You were in my heart, wedged in my obsessive thoughts.

Nor have I touched water to quench my thirst without seeing a glimpse of You in the glass.

Were it possible for me to reach You I would come to you at once, crawling on my face or walking on my head.

What cause have the people to foolishly blame me? They have their own faith and I have mine.

Views

In absence of greediness, Mother Earth is sufficient provider, of which humans are indebted to conserve and develop in the most judicious manner.

Membership

Student senator U. Arizona Senate, Tucson, 1964-1965, president International Student Club, 1964-1965. Member American Society Agronomy and Crop Science, Sigma Xi.

Personality

Beside been academician, El-Sharkawy was active in community social works from an early age. He established in 1953, with highschool student colleagues, an evening free-private tutoring classes for abolishing illiteracy in Shobratana village, Gharbiah, Egypt. In Colombia,1980- was cofounder and donor for the home of underprivileged young children as well as older abandoned people, Palmira, Colombia. He is a permanent donor for resource-limited young students, Shobratana, Basyun, Egypt, and a generous contributor to many worthy causes. As a believer in human welfare /socialism/charity-work, he dedicated his personal farm in Egypt to support the so many resource-limited extended-family members. Being aware of the socio-political future of his native impoverished Egypt, and long been ruled by authoritarian/military regimes, he supported political activists in initiating the popular uprising of 25 January 2011, that toppled the despot, Hosni Mubarak, in power for several decades. El-Sharkawy is pro-secular rulings in Egypt and an advocate of human rights, self-expression, democracy, and social justice. He is a rationalist, with deep conviction in scientific and brotherly humanism.

Physical Characteristics: Healthy, short, medium size, dark-skinned, deport and a profound lover of NATURE. Outgoing, open-minded and hospitable personality, organized and self-disciplined. He was greatly influenced at childhood by his parental grandfather, Ahmed Mabrouk Khedr El-Sharkawy, who was known among the village community as a man with high morals, fearless and courageous with sympathy for underdogs. This grandfather was Mabrouk´s great MENTOR who transmitted to him: self-denial, simplicity, transparency, and honesty, traits that he cherished and maintained throughout his professional and social life.

Interests

• Islamic Sufism and spirituality. Follower of Charles Robert Darwin.

• Philosophers & Thinkers

  Quotations from Stephen Hawking: "There is a fundamental difference between religion, which is based on authority, and science, which is based on observation and reason. Science will win because it works. ”
  
  Quotations from the Japanese Buddhist Monk Zennichimaro (1222-1282 AD ): "That which you give to another will become your own sustenance; if you light a lamp for another, your own way will be lit."
  
  اعمل الخير و انسه لأنه يقينا سيعود إليك يوما ما ـ ـ من تراث السنة الإسلامية
  
  From St. Ignatius of Antioch(35-108 AD): "Take heed often to come together to give thanks to God and show forth His praise. For when you assemble frequently in the same place, the powers of Satan are destroyed, and the destruction at which he aims is prevented by the unity of your faith. " From SURAH 3: VERSE 103: AL IMRAN, AL-QU´RAN: وَاعْتَصِمُوا بِحَبْلِ اللَّهِ جَمِيعًا وَلَا تَفَرَّقُوا ۚ وَاذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ كُنتُمْ أَعْدَاءً فَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِكُمْ فَأَصْبَحْتُم بِنِعْمَتِهِ إِخْوَانًا وَكُنتُمْ عَلَىٰ شَفَا حُفْرَةٍ مِّنَ النَّارِ فَأَنقَذَكُم مِّنْهَا ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ آيَاتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ (103)" سورة آل عمران آية 103 ظظ
  
  Translation from Arabic to English the meaning of the above Verse." Hold firmly together and grasp the eternal and unchangeable sublime system of Allah! Grasp it and do not be discordant among yourselves. Call to mind Allah´s favor that you were enemies and He reconciled your differences; you cherished different principles and practices, and by Islam, you are now in one accord. You were on the edge of the bottomless abyss of Hell and He saved you from eternal disaster. Thus Allah expounds to you His revelations so that you may be guided to His path of righteousness." Ref: Al- MONTAKHAB (The select) IN The Interpretation of the Glorious Qurán-Second Edition 2006, Al-Azhar , Ministry of Al-Awqaf, Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs. CAIRO, EGYPT.

• Politicians

  Mahatma Gandhi (Ghandi)
  
  Nelson Mandela.

• Writers

  Arnold Toynbee, UK Diplomat, Historian,British historian whose twelve-volume analysis of the rise and fall of civilizations, A Study of History, became a monumental production and a CLASSIC history reference.

• Sport & Clubs

  Soccer.

• Athletes

  Muhamed Ali Clay.

• Music & Bands

  Classic music, oriental music.

Connections

Mabrouk married to Stella Navarro. They have a child: Farah.

Father:

AbdelSalam Ahmed Mabrouk Khedr El-Sharkawy

Mother:

Farah Ali (Ghorab) Sharkawy

Spouse:

Stella Navarro

BA in Arts (languages).

child:

Farah El-Sharkawy

Specializing in Pathology, graduate medical sciences and research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.

Brother:

Abdelsalam Khedr El-Sharkawy

Abdelsalam was born 1948 in Shobratana, Gharbiyah, Egypt. Attended primary, secondary schools in Basyun and Tanta. University, Mansurah, Dakahliyah. Married: three children, Faiza, Faty, Ahmed

References

• Mabrouk A. El-Sharkawy – PLANT STOMATA ENCYCLOPEDIA Posts about Mabrouk A. El-Sharkawy written by Willem Van Cotthem
• Crop research in Kufra Oasis, Libyan Arab Republic
• Cassava productivity, photosynthesis, ecophysiology, and response to environmental stresses in the tropics:A multidisciplinary approach to crop improvement and sustainable production
  2012
• Physiological characteristics of cassava tolerance to prolonged drought in the tropics: implications for breeding cultivars adapted to seasonally dry and semiarid environments
  2007
• This Week’s Citation Classic® r El-Sharkawy M & Besketh J. Photosynthesis among species in relation to characteristics of leaf anatomy and CO2 diffusion resistances. Crop Sd. 5:517-21, 1965. [Dept. Agronomy. Univ. California, Davis. CA; CSIRO, Canberra. Australia; and Dept. Plant Breeding, Univ. Arizona. Tucson, AZI This paper showed that C 4 tropical grass leaves
  1986
• Drought-tolerant Cassava for Africa, Asia, and Latin America | BioScience | Oxford Academic Mabrouk A. El-Sharkawy; Drought-tolerant Cassava for Africa, Asia, and Latin AmericaBreeding projects work to stabilize productivity without increasing pressur
  1993
• Integrated Breeding Platform
• JOURNAL ARTICLE Response of cassava to water stress
• Genotipic differences in productivity and nutrient uptake and use efficiency of cassava as influenced by prolonged water stress
  1998
• Se connecter The effect of pre-harvest pruning of cassava upon root deterioration and quality characteristics
  2000
• ECO-PHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH FOR BREEDING IMPROVED CASSAVA CULTIVARS IN FAVORABLE AND STRESSFUL ENVIRONMENTS IN TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL BIO-SYSTEMS.
  2012
• Photosynthesis of cassava and its relation to crop productivity. SIDALC
  1993
• Factors limiting photosthenetic rates among species, M. A. El-Sharkawy PhD Dissertation, 1965 - Paintings & Photography Factors limiting photosthenetic rates among species, M. A. El-Sharkawy PhD Dissertation, 1965
  1965
• "Centroamérica será la más afectada por cambio climático" www.alisos.net - Alianzas para la Sostenibilidad
  2011
• Response of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) to water stress and fertilization
  1998
• Prospects of photosynthetic research for increasing agricultural productivity, with emphasis on the tropical C 4 Amaranthus and the cassava C 3 -C 4 crop
  2016
• Cassava biology and physiology
  2003
• FACTORS LIMITING PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATES OF DIFFERENT PLANT SPECIES
  1965
• Global warming: causes and impacts on agroecosystems productivity and food security with emphasis on cassava comparative advantage in the tropics - subtropics
  2014
• EL-SHARKAWY, M.A. | Photosynthetica
• Stress-Tolerant Cassava This review highlights an integrative multidisciplinary eco-physiological, breeding and agronomical research on the tropical starchy root crop cassava conducted the CIAT. Laboratory and field studies have elucidated several physio-logical, biochemical mechanisms and plant traits underlying the high productivity in favorable conditions and tolerance to stressful environments, such as prolonged water stress and marginal low-fertility soils. Cassava
  2012
• Dr. Mabrouk A El-Sharkawy, PhD - Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) - Senior scientist | PubFacts.com
• Cassava biology and physiology. - PubMed - NCBI Plant Mol Biol. 2004 Nov;56(4):481-501. Review
  2004
• International research on cassava photosynthesis, productivity, eco-physiology, and responses to environmental stresses in the tropics
  2006
• '!RE HUMIDITY FACl'OR IN STC:t-kI:l\L
  1986
• Cassava Productivity, Photosynthesis, Ecophysiology, and Response to Environmental Stresses in the Tropics
  2012
• Comparative photosynthesis, growth, productivity, and nutrient use efficiency among tall- and short-stemmed rain-fed cassava cultivars
  2010
• Relationships between biomass, root-yield and single-leaf photosynthesis in field-grown cassava - ScienceDirect ScienceDirect Elsevier RELX Group
  1990
• M.A. El-Sharkawy Books by M.A. El-Sharkawy, Plant and Soil, The effect of pre-harvest pruning of cassava upon root deterioration and quality characteristics, Cassava varietal response to fertilization, Cassava varietal response to phosphorus fertilization. I. Yield, biomass and gas exchange, Grass barriers in cassava hillside cultivation:rooting patterns and root growth dynamics, Cassava varietal response to phosphorus fertilization. II. Phosphorus uptake and use
• (PDF) Memoir for Bob Loomis,,, Photosynthetica... Full-Text Paper (PDF): Memoir for Bob Loomis,,, Photosynthetica 2015.pdf ×
• Global warming
  2011
• The Effectiveness of American Agronomy Journals: A Citationist's Perspective
  1992
• Cambio Climatico It discusses trends in Climate change and its implications on agroecosystems , agricultural productivity and food security
  2011
• programaharton products simposio internacional genomica modelacion los nuevos escenarios ganaderia bovina tropical - Google Search international Symposium on Genomic of tropical animal hasbundry
  2011
• Cassava photosynthesis..By K. VongcharoenS. SantanooP. BanterngS. JogloyN. VorasootP. Theerakulpisut Seasonal variation in photosynthesis performance of cassava at two different growth stages under irrigated and rain-fed conditions in a tropical savanna climate...Authors K. VongcharoenS. SantanooP. BanterngS. JogloyN. Vorasoot P. Theerakulpisut...Khon Kaen University, Thailand
  2018
• de Souza et al. 2017 . Rooting for cassava: insights into photosynthesis and associated physiology as a route to improve yield potentia As a consequence of an increase in world population, food demand is expected to grow by up to 110% in the next 30–35 yr. The population of sub-Saharan Africa is projected to increase by > 120%. In this region, cassava (Manihot esculenta) is the second most important source of calories and contributes c. 30% of the daily calorie requirements per person. Despite its importance, the average yield of cassava in Africa has not increased significantly since 1961. An evaluation of modern cultivars of cassava showed that the interception efficiency (ɛi ) of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the efficiency of conversion of that intercepted PAR (ɛc) are major opportunities for genetic improvement of the yield potential. This review examines what is known of the physiological processes underlying productivity in cassava and seeks to provide some strategies and directions toward yield improvement through genetic alterations to physiology to increase ɛi and ɛc. Possible physiological limitations, as well as environmental constraints, are discussed.
  2017
• MANDIOCA É TOP ADAPTAÇÃO ÀS MUDANÇAS DO CLIMA Leia mais em: https://www.comprerural.com/mandioca-e-melhor-para-adaptar-se-as-mudancas-do-clima/ Elevação de CO2 aumenta produtividade média e ainda reduz efeitos negativos da seca, revela pesquisa inédita A mandioca é muito eficiente em minimizar os efeitos da seca quando cultivada sob elevada concentração de gás carbônico (CO2). ............Expectativas no campo El-Sharkawy diz que o trabalho liderado por Cruz mostra que o aumento de CO2 pode aliviar bastante o efeito do estresse hídrico, mas acrescenta que gostaria de ver essa pesquisa ser levada a campo, utilizando uma técnica de enriquecimento de CO2 denominada FACE (Free-Air CO2 Enrichment), ou ser desenvolvida em casa de vegetação com teto removível, que proporciona condições mais próximas do ambiente de cultivo. O método FACE, segundo ele, foi empregado em um único trabalho de campo para analisar o comportamento da mandioca com CO2 elevado realizado na Universidade de Illinois, no norte dos Estados Unidos. Porém, esse trabalho foi conduzido em ambiente com boas condições hídricas. Por isso o trabalho desenvolvido por Cruz e colaboradores é importante porque se detém em um tema ainda pouco explorado: a interação entre aumento da concentração de CO2 e a seca. Leia mais em: https://www.comprerural.com/mandioca-e-melhor-para-adaptar-se-as-mudancas-do-clima/
  2017
• Toward improving photosynthesis in cassava: Characterizing photosynthetic limitations in four current African cultivars De Souza, A.P. and Long,S. P 2018: Abstract: Despite the vast importance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) for smallholder farmers in Africa, yields per unit land area have not increased over the past 55 years. Genetic engineering or breeding for increased photosynthetic efficiency may represent a new approach. This requires the understanding of limitations to photosynthesis within existing germplasm. Here, leaf photosynthetic gas exchange, leaf carbon and nitrogen content, and nonstructural carbohydrates content and growth were analyzed in four high-yielding and farm-preferred African cultivars: two landraces (TME 7, TME 419) and two improved lines (TMS 98/0581 and TMS 30572). Surprisingly, the two landraces had, on average, 18% higher light-saturating leaf CO2 uptake (Asat) than the improved lines due to higher maximum apparent carboxylation rates of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and regeneration of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate expressed as electron transport rate (Jmax). TME 419 also showed a greater intrinsic water use efficiency. Except for the cultivar TMS 30572, photosynthesis in cassava showed a triose phosphate utilization (TPU) limitation at high intercellular [CO2]. The capacity for TPU in the leaf would not limit photosynthesis rates under current conditions, but without modification would be a barrier to increasing photosynthetic efficiency to levels predicted possible in this crop. The lower capacity of the lines improved through breeding, may perhaps reflect the predominant need, until now, in cassava breeding for improved disease and pest resistance. However, the availability today of equipment for high-throughput screening of photosynthetic capacity provides a means to select for maintenance or improvement of photosynthetic capacity while also selecting for pest and disease resistance.
  2018