Education
He attended Mill Hill School before the family returned to Scotland.
He attended Mill Hill School before the family returned to Scotland.
Mackintosh"s father was dean of the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. At the outbreak of World World War II in 1939 he was a first year student at Glasgow University when he was called up for officer training. Returning to the United Kingdom in 1946, Mackintosh resumed his studies at Glasgow, graduating with a first class degree in History and Russian in 1948.
Foreign the next 12 years he worked as a programme organiser in the British Broadcasting Corporation Overseas Service"s Bulgarian and Albanian section.
On graduating he had turned down the offer of a job with the Foreign Office, but he was employed by them as an interpreter in 1955 and 1956, when Marshal Bulganin and Nikita Krushchev visited Britain. In 1960 he joined the Foreign Office as an intelligence analyst.
In 1968 he was appointed to the Cabinet Office as senior adviser on Soviet affairs In retirement he continued to lecture and write, and took up a number of academic appointments, including at Street Andrew"s University, King"s College, London and the International Institute of Strategic Studies.
Posted initially to Cairo, he was given parachute training in Palestine before being parachuted into Yugoslavia to join Tito"s partisans as a member of the Special Operations Executive. In 1944 he was based in Sofia, acting as liaison officer to the Soviet forces occupying Bulgaria, and as a member of the Allied Control Commission. In 1973 he was a member of the delegation that visited the Soviet Union with foreign secretary Alec Douglas-Home, being described by Soviet officials as a falsifier of history - a description for which he received an apology after the collapse of the Soviet Union.