Background
Mary Hannah Hanchett was born in Litchfield, Connecticut in 1830. She was the daughter of Ephraim and Nancy Hanchett. Her father joined the first abstinence movement in America.
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Mary Hannah Hanchett was born in Litchfield, Connecticut in 1830. She was the daughter of Ephraim and Nancy Hanchett. Her father joined the first abstinence movement in America.
She secured what for her day was a liberal education, graduating from Patapsco Institute, near Baltimore, under Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps, for whom she afterwards taught chemistry and physiology and with whom she collaborated in preparing scientific textbooks.
It was not until Mrs. Hunt was past fifty that she found her distinctive work. Studying with her son Alfred Ephraim the properties of alcohol as a reagent, she stumbled upon data regarding its physiological effects. Struck with the force of the scientific versus the sentimental argument for abstinence, she conceived the plan of grafting upon the school system of America graded lessons in hygiene and temperance, based on scientific principles. She began agitation toward this end in Hyde Park, which, in 1878, became the first town to introduce temperance into the curriculum of the schools; and she extended her activities to other parts of Massachusetts. Experience with school boards soon convinced her of the necessity of laws which would make the teaching of this subject mandatory. At this juncture the birth of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union provided her with an organized force for campaigning.
In 1879 Frances E. Willard invited her to lay before that body her plan, which involved appeal to the legislatures of all the then existing states and to Congress asking for laws requiring instruction in temperance in schools under state or federal control. The following year the Woman's Christian Temperance Union created a department of scientific temperance instruction with Mrs. Hunt as national superintendent, a post she held till her death. Between that date and 1901, when the last state, Georgia, fell into line, she worked steadily for the accomplishment of her purpose, personally conducting local campaigns, and appearing before legislatures, where her commanding presence and logical and convincing addresses carried weight.
Victory in Vermont, in 1882, precipitated the problem of proper textbooks, and Mrs. Hunt had practically to create the literature and pedagogy of the new subject. She negotiated with publishers and authors and carried on research, as well as editorial and publicity work. She defended the movement from attacks, notably that of the Committee of Fifty in 1903. From 1892 she edited the School Physiology Journal, for teachers. In 1890 appeals to her department from distant countries caused her appointment as international superintendent of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of the World. She represented the United States at the International Congress against Alcoholism, held at Bremen in April 1903, and materially aided foreign campaigns for temperance education. In 1897 she published An Epoch in the Nineteenth Century.
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On October 27, 1852, she married Leander B. Hunt, of East Douglas, Massachussets; later they lived in Hyde Park, Massachussets. Hunt died in 1887.
