Background
Matthew Parker was born on August 6, 1504 in Norwich, Norfolk, England. He was the eldest son of William Parker and Alice Monins.
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Matthew Parker was born on August 6, 1504 in Norwich, Norfolk, England. He was the eldest son of William Parker and Alice Monins.
In 1522 Parker attended Corpus Christi College, Cambridge and in 1528 he received his master's degree. In 1538 he obtained a Doctor of Divinity degree.
Parker was ordained deacon in April and priest in June 1527, though he had already become sympathetic to Lutheranism. In September 1527 he was elected fellow of Corpus Christi College. He had come under the influence of the Cambridge reformers, and after Anne Boleyn's recognition as queen he was made her chaplain.
In 1535, under Henry VIII, he became dean of Stoke-by-Clare. From 1535 to 1547 he was dean of a college of priests in Suffolk and from 1544 to 1553 master of Corpus Christi College, occasionally holding other positions concurrently, such as chaplain to Henry VIII (1538) and vice chancellor of the University of Cambridge (1545, 1549).
Elizabeth chose him as archbishop of Canterbury as he possessed all the qualifications she expected from an archbishop except celibacy. He was consecrated to that office on December 17, 1559, becoming the second Anglican archbishop. Parker's leadership of the Church of England was prudent and conscientious but undistinguished.
As archbishop, Parker supervised the revision of Archbishop Thomas Cranmer’s 42 doctrinal articles of 1553: the Thirty-Nine Articles were printed in 1563 and authorized in 1571. He also organized a new translation of the Bible, himself translating Genesis, Matthew, and some Pauline letters; this Bishops’ Bible (1568) was official until the King James Version (1611). The most troubled part of Parker’s primacy involved the increasing conflict with the extremer reformers in the Church of England, known from about 1565 as Precisians, or Puritans (who were not curbed until after his death at age 71).
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In 1547 Parker married Margaret Harlestone, the daughter of a Norfolk squire, to whom he was chivalrously loyal in a time when the marriage of the clergy had not been legalized by Parliament or convocation. They were happily married, although Queen Elizabeth disliked Margaret. His wife's death in 1570 depressed Parker, and his weak health broke under the strain of office.