Background
Max Mason was born on October 26, 1877 in Madison, Wisconsin. He was the son of Edwin Cole Mason, a businessman and public accountant, and of Josephine Vroman.
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astrophysicist Businessman mathematician
Max Mason was born on October 26, 1877 in Madison, Wisconsin. He was the son of Edwin Cole Mason, a businessman and public accountant, and of Josephine Vroman.
He enrolled at the University of Wisconsin, where he was encouraged by Professor Charles Sumner Slichter to study mathematics. As an undergraduate Mason was a star high jumper on the track team. He prized this experience, and remained athletic throughout his life. After graduating from Wisconsin with the B. Litt. (1898), Mason taught for one year at Beloit (Wis. ) High School. He next studied for three years at the University of Göttingen, which awarded him the Ph. D. in 1903.
Subsequently he taught mathematics for one year at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and for four years at Yale University. In 1908, Mason was appointed professor of mathematics at the University of Wisconsin. After one year he transferred to the physics department as professor of mathematical physics. He remained in this post until 1925. During World War I, he worked on the problem of submarine detection for the Navy. He is credited with inventing the sonar detector. At Madison, Mason and his colleagues tested a crude device on Lake Mendota that worked, but needed much refinement. Since German submarines were wreaking havoc on American ships, Mason and other scientists at the Naval Experiment Station at New London, Connecticut, worked feverishly to perfect the device, then called the M-V tube. Once it was adapted for seagoing conditions, the decision was made to equip vessels in the war zone with it. Mason went to France to supervise its installation and to instruct crews in its use. In France he found a golf course, and became known as the "crazy American who played golf and solved submarine problems between holes. " After the war Mason returned to the University of Wisconsin to resume his academic career. In 1925 he was named president of the University of Chicago. Mason was brought in as director of the Division of Natural Sciences, with assurance that after one year he would be elevated to the presidency of the foundation. The Natural Sciences Division operated projects ranging from the study of the aurora borealis in Alaska to the study of the velocity of light in California. The foundation helped to build a physics research laboratory in Germany as well as the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts. Mason retired from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1936. He then joined the California Institute of Technology, where he remained until his final retirement in 1949. As head of the Observatory Council of Cal Tech, Mason oversaw the construction of the 200-inch telescope of the Mount Palomar Observatory, a fitting capstone to his career. The telescope, financed by the Rockefeller Foundation, cost $6 million. The smaller observatory at Mount Wilson, also operated by Cal Tech, had become obsolete, partly because of the interference of the growing amount of background light from the city of Los Angeles. The new telescope was therefore constructed near San Diego, some 160 miles south of the Cal Tech campus. Mason also continued to work for the Navy on antisubmarine devices. As a sideline he developed similar devices for mining companies, to locate ore underground. Mason's principal scholarly work, written with Warren Weaver, was The Electromagnetic Field (1929). It was a synthesis of existing knowledge of the field (with special attention to the work of James Clerk Maxwell and Hendrik Lorentz), which predated but was basic to quantum theory. Mason also published articles on mathematical subjects, including the relation between algebra of matrices and integral equations, differential equations, calculus of variations, existence theorems, oscillation properties, and asymptotic expressions. Mason died in Claremont, California.
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Mason believed that endowed universities such as the University of Chicago must be the ones to promote scholarship in the United States because they could restrict their enrollments, have complete freedom from political control, and remain unhampered by popular demands. Mason studied the operation of the university, and stimulated the generosity of donors so that the endowment was increased substantially.
As president of the Rockefeller Foundation, Mason emphasized the importance of both basic research and its application. He insisted that the five divisions be administered as a structural unit aimed at understanding human behavior. In 1936 he wrote: "The search for truth is, as it has always been, the noblest expression of the human spirit. Man's hunger for knowledge about himself, his environment and the forces by which he is surrounded, gives human life its meaning and purpose, and clothes it with final dignity. "
On June 16, 1904, Mason married Mary Louise Freeman; they had three children. Following the death of his first wife in 1928, Mason married Helen Schermerhorn Young on August 5, 1938. She died in 1944 and on November 6, 1945, he married Daphne Crane Drake Martin.