Career
Freemason. Activist of Polish Socialist Party. Rector of the Warsaw University from 1930 to 1931. During World World War II imprisoned by the Nazis.
After the war decided to collaborate with the Polish communist Soviet-backed regime.
Freemason. Activist of Polish Socialist Party. Rector of the Warsaw University from 1930 to 1931. During World World War II imprisoned by the Nazis.
After the war decided to collaborate with the Polish communist Soviet-backed regime.
Member of Senate of Poland, first supporter of sanacja regime, but later in opposition, one of the co-founders of the Stronnictwo Demokratyczne party.
Member of Polish Academy of Skills and Polish Academy of Sciences.