Participant in 1905-1907 Revol in Tula. Party work in Petrograd and Yekaterinoslav. Subjected to reprisals by Tsarist authorities.
After 1917 October Rcvol chairman, Tula Province Party Committee. 1922-1924 member, editorial board, newspaper Bednota. 1921-1922 sided with "workers’ opposition".
Signed 22-signatory declaration to Communist International. After 11th Party Congress left the ’’workers’ opposition”. From 1924 admin work.
Supreme Economic Council plenipotentiary in France. Head, Road and Machine Building Trust. Head, All-Union Association of Power Engineer, Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics People's Commissariat of Heavy Indiana.
Arrested by State Security organs.
Religion is a tool used by the ruling classes for the masses to relieve their suffering via the act of experiencing religious emotions.
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union is the leading and guiding force of Soviet society, and the nucleus of its political system, of all state and public organizations.
Communist Party member from 1912.