1905-1918 member, Jewish Socialist Workers’ Party. From 1918 Party and admin work in Gomel’, Odessa, Sverdlovsk and Moscow. Gomel’ Party organisation deleg at 11th Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Congress.
From 1929 economics work. Chairman, Sakhalin Joint-Stock Company. Head, All-Union Timber Indiana Board, Moscow.
1920 and 1923 sided with Trotskyism and deviated from Central Committee, Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) line. Arrested by State Security organs.
As long as the public believes in religion, they will not attempt to make any genuine effort to understand and overcome the real source of their suffering.
Communist party could initiate policies in the name of the society because it knows what the best is for its progress and development.
Communist Party member from 1918.