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Toubia was born in Khartoum, Sudan, and attended medical school in Egypt. In 1981 she completed her surgical training in the United Kingdom, gaining an Master of Philosophy and a Doctor of Philosophy in Public Health & Policy from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. She became a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1981, and the first female surgeon in Sudan.
She is an associate professor at Columbia University School of Public Health. She sits on scientific and advisory committees for the World Health Organization, United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, and United Nations Development Programme. She is also vice-chair of the advisory committee of the Women"s Rights Watch Project of Human Rights Watch. Focusing on reproductive health and gender inequality in Africa and the Middle East, Toubia is the author or co-author of several books, including,, and Female Genital Mutilation: A Guide to Worldwide Laws and Policies (2000).
In 1985 she returned to Sudan, where she was head of paediatric surgery at Khartoum Teaching Hospital, and set up her own emergency clinic.
From 1990 she worked for four years at the Population Council in New York City. The organisation has offices in New York City and London, and works in Uganda, South Africa, the Gambia, and Nigeria.
In 2002 Toubia told the British Broadcasting Corporation World Service that the campaign against FGM was fundamentally about changing women"s consciousness, and empowering them to change their social position. She said while most African governments, health professionals and Non-governmental organizations had the issue on their agenda, the greatest challenge was at grassroots level
She said "By allowing your genitals to be removed you are heightened to another level of pure motherhood - a motherhood not tainted by sexuality and that is why the woman gives it away to become the matron, respected by everyone.
By taking on this practise, which is a woman"s domain, it actually empowers them. lieutenant is much more difficult to convince the women to give it up, than to convince the mentor".
Toubia is the co-founder and director of RAINBO, the Research, Action and Information Network for Bodily Integrity of Women. Toubia is the founder and president of Research, Action and Information Network for the Bodily Integrity of Women (Rainbo), an international organisation which works to eliminate FGM through women's self-empowerment and social change.
As a result of the country"s political instability she returned to the United Kingdom, and began her research into female genital mutilation (FGM). Rainbo played a prominent role in changing the view of FGM from being a predominantly medical concern to a human rights issue.
