Background
Nathaniel Peter Hill was born on February 18, 1832 in Montgomery, New York, United States, where his ancestor Nathaniel Hill had settled in 1730. He was the third of seven children of Nathaniel P. Hill and Matilda Crawford.
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Nathaniel Peter Hill was born on February 18, 1832 in Montgomery, New York, United States, where his ancestor Nathaniel Hill had settled in 1730. He was the third of seven children of Nathaniel P. Hill and Matilda Crawford.
Hill received his preparatory education at the local Montgomery Academy, and later entered Brown University, graduating in 1856.
In 1856-1858 Hill was assistant in chemistry there, and from 1858 to 1864 instructor and then professor of chemistry applied to arts. Winning the confidence of a group of Rhode Island and Massachusetts manufacturers, he received a commission, in 1864, to investigate the geological and economic features of a tract of land in Gilpin County, Colorado. While on this trip he observed the great loss of gold in the stamp mills of Blackhawk and vicinity where the amalgamation process was in use, and noted that the loss increased as surface (oxidized) ores were replaced by sulphide (refractory) ore. Hill, believing that the metal could be better extracted from these ores by smelting, returned to Colorado twice in 1865, and made two trips to Europe, 1865-1866 and 1866-1867, to investigate the problem. Although at that time there were no railroads west of the Missouri River, he transported seventy-two tons of ore to Swansea in Wales for experimentation.
Upon the success of the tests which he made there with the assistance of Welsh metallurgists, Hill organized the Boston & Colorado Smelting Company, of which he was general manager from 1867 until his death. Returning to Blackhawk, he built a smelting plant which commenced operation in January 1868. Later he secured the services of Richard Pearce, who in 1873 developed the refining process by which the precious metals were separated from the copper, thus obviating the necessity of making contracts abroad for this purpose. "Hill's Smelter, " as the Boston & Colorado works near Denver were usually called, was typically Welsh, following as a "secret process" a metallurgical procedure which was destined soon to become obsolete. Nevertheless, to Hill's opportune observation that smelting, rather than the amalgamation process, was required for the non-oxidized, deep-level ores is to be credited the inauguration of the great mining era of the Rocky Mountain region.
Hill became mayor of Blackhawk in 1871, soon after his permanent settlement there; he was a member of the Territorial Council, 1872-1873, and United States senator from Colorado from 1879 to 1885. The speech on the silver question which he delivered in the Senate on June 20, 1882, in reply to Senator Sherman, received favorable comment from the London Economist (August 26, 1882). It was reprinted in Hill's Speeches and Papers on the Silver, Postal Telegraph, and Other Economic Questions (1890). He was for some years a regent of the Smithsonian Institution. Upon returning to Denver after the expiration of his term in the Senate, he became proprietor of the influential Denver Republican, through which he supported the free coinage of silver. In 1891 he was appointed to the International Monetary Commission and in 1893 was a delegate to the Bimetallic Conference.
Hill died in Denver on May 22, 1900 from a stomach disease and was interred in Fairmount Cemetery.
(Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We h...)
(This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curat...)
Hill was a member of the Republican Party.
In July 1860 Hill married Alice Hale, whom he survived. They had one son and two daughters, all of whom survived their father.