Background
Newton Bishop Drury was born on April 9, 1889, in San Francisco, California, one of four children of Wells Drury, a newspaper editor and columnist, and Ella Lorraine Bishop.
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Newton Bishop Drury was born on April 9, 1889, in San Francisco, California, one of four children of Wells Drury, a newspaper editor and columnist, and Ella Lorraine Bishop.
While attending high school in Berkeley, California, Drury was a dance band cornetist. From 1906 to 1911 he was a reporter for San Francisco and Oakland newspapers. Meanwhile, he entered the University of California at Berkeley, studied journalism, and was active in debating clubs and campus politics. In his senior year he was elected student body president. His graduating class of 1912 included two other Californians who would attain national distinction Governor and Chief Justice Earl Warren and conservationist Horace M. Albright.
From 1912 to 1918 Newton Drury served as administrative assistant to the university president, Benjamin I. Wheeler, and lecturer in English literature. During World War I Drury served overseas as an aerial observer in the United States Army Balloon Corps. He later declared that the destruction he had witnessed strongly influenced him to favor conservation.
In 1919, Newton and his brother, Aubrey, formed the Drury Brothers Company, an advertising and public relations agency, in San Francisco. The company soon acquired several prestigious clients, including the Mark Hopkins Hotel. Organizers of the Save-the-Redwoods League also sought assistance with publicity and fund-raising from Drury Brothers. The league was founded in 1918 under the leadership of Henry Fairfield Osborn, president of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City; Madison Grant, chairman of the New York Zoological Society; and John C. Merriam, president of the Carnegie Institution in Washington, D. C.
Drury became the league's first executive secretary and formulated its early objectives: preservation of representative areas of primeval forests, cooperation with the federal and state governments to create a national and a state redwood park, purchase of redwood groves by private subscription, protection of timber along certain highways, and support for reforestation and forest conservation.
From 1919 to 1940, Drury conducted a vigorous campaign to attain the objectives of the league. He led efforts to obtain legislation authorizing a California state park commission, a park site survey, and a park bond issue. He solicited and obtained memorial-grove donations, including a donation of $3 million from the John D. Rockefeller, Jr. , family. After approval of a park bond referendum, the California State Park Commission employed Drury as its land-acquisition officer, a position that he held from 1929 to 1940, concurrent with his duties as executive secretary of the Save-the-Redwoods League.
Drury's outstanding work for park preservation in California influenced Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes to offer him the position of director of the National Park Service in 1933 and again in 1940, when Drury accepted. As director, Drury became widely known for his opposition to special-interest demands for park uses during World War II and immediately thereafter. Early in the war he opposed demands of western ranchers to open the national parks to cattle grazing. He contended that the parks contained insufficient forage to serve any wartime needs and that their resources should remain "unimpaired. "
Some preservationists, however, criticized Drury for compromises in 1943 and 1947 that tended to favor loggers who sought to cut spruce timber in Olympic National Park in the state of Washington. Nevertheless, he continued to oppose commercial uses in several national monuments and parks, including Death Valley in California and Glacier Bay in Alaska. His administration was also notable for additions to the national park system, including a large portion of the Everglades National Park in Florida, Independence National Historical Park in Pennsylvania, and the Jackson Hole area in Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming.
Drury's protection of the national parks was put to its greatest test when the Bureau of Reclamation and Army Corps of Engineers discovered potential in the parks for water power, flood control, and irrigation and proposed related projects in Big Bend (Texas), Grand Canyon (Arizona), Mammoth Cave (Kentucky), and other parks. In opposing these proposed projects Drury declared: "If we are going to succeed in preserving the greatness of national parks, they must be held inviolate. " He therefore expressed opposition to the Bureau of Reclamation's proposed billion-dollar Colorado River storage project in Utah, which included an Echo Park dam within the Dinosaur National Monument. His position was supported by several prominent conservationists, including Irving N. Brant, Bernard De Voto, David R. Brower, Ira N. Gabrielson, and Howard Zahniser. It was not supported, however, by the new secretary of the interior, Oscar Chapman, who forced Drury to resign as director of the National Park Service in 1951. Actually, Drury was given the choice of becoming governor of distant Samoa or a special assistant to the secretary with few duties. He preferred to resign from the Department of the Interior.
Drury returned to California and in 1951 was appointed by Governor Warren as chief of the State Division of Beaches and Parks. In this position he led efforts in establishing several new parks in desert and redwood forest areas, along beaches, and at historic sites. He retired in 1959 and returned to the position of executive secretary of the Save-the-Redwoods League, replacing Aubrey Drury, who had died after having served in the position since 1940.
During the 1960's, Drury conducted the league's campaign for a redwood national park, which was successful in 1968, despite opposition from the lumber industry and differences between the league and the Sierra Club. He was president of the league from 1971 to 1975 and chairman of its board of directors from 1975 until his death in Berkeley.
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
Drury was known as a person of poise and high principles. He was seen as moderate in dealing with opponents but also as tenacious in defense of his fundamental belief that America's great natural, scenic, and historic areas should be preserved inviolate.
On June 29, 1918, Drury married Elizabeth Frances Schilling of Berkeley. They had three children.