Background
Born in San Miguel de Tucumán, his mother moved with him to Bolivia after the death of his father, Marco Avellaneda, during a revolt against Juan Manuel de Rosas.
journalist lawyer politician president
Born in San Miguel de Tucumán, his mother moved with him to Bolivia after the death of his father, Marco Avellaneda, during a revolt against Juan Manuel de Rosas.
He studied law at Córdoba, without graduating. He finished his studies at Buenos Aires, meeting Domingo Faustino Sarmiento.
Avellaneda"s main projects while in office were banking and education reform, leading to Argentina"s economic growth. The most important events of his government were the Conquest of the Desert and the transformation of the City of Buenos Aires into a federal district. Back at Tucumán he founded El Eco del Norte, and moved to Buenos Aires in 1857, becoming director of the El Nacional and editor of El Comercio de la Plata.
Sarmiento helped him to become teacher of economy at the University of Buenos Aires.
He wrote "Estudio sobre las leyes de tierras públicas" (Spanish: Study of the laws about public lands), proposing to give the lands to producers that make production from them. This system, similar to the one employed at the United States, suggested to reduce bureaucracy and pointed that this would allow stable populations and population growth.
During Domingo Faustino Sarmiento"s presidency, he was Minister of Justice and Education. He implemented the educational reform that was defining of his government.
Mitre deployed the army against Avellaneda but was defeated by Julio Argentino Roca.
Mitre was held prisoner and judged by military justice, but Avellaneda indulted him in order to promote pacification. In line with people like Alberdi or Sarmiento, who thought that European immigration was crucial to the Argentine development, he promoted the "Avellaneda law" that allowed European farmers ease to get terrains. The immigration numbers were doubled in a few years.
During his presidency, the economy of Argentina was seriously affected by the European crisis putting the country on the edge of debt default.
Deciding to take Argentina from its debts, he said that "there are two million Argentines who would economize even to their hunger and thirst to fulfill the promises of our public commitments in the foreign markets". He reduced the budget and applied a weak protectionism.
The crisis was eventually fixed with the growing exports of refrigerated meat to Europe, a new developing industrial method of the time. Aged 37, he was the youngest Argentine president ever elected.
He had served in the Argentine Senate for five months in 1874 and returned to the Senate in 1883 until his death.
He died on a ship returning from medical treatment in France.
He was a member of the house of representatives in 1859 and Minister of Government of Adolfo Alsina in the Buenos Aires province in 1866. He also included Rufino de Elizalde and José María Gutiérrez, supporters of Mitre, as members of his cabinet.