The Culture of the Grape, and Wine-Making; With an Appendix Containing Directions for the Cultivation of the Strawberry. Seventh Edition
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The Culture of the Grape, and Wine-Making - Scholar's Choice Edition
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A Treatise on the Cultivation of the Grape, in Vineyards
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This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
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This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.
As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Nicholas Longworth was an American lawyer and horticulturist. He was called the Father of American Grape Culture.
Background
Nicholas Longworth was born on January 16, 1782 in Newark, New Jersey, United States, of a Loyalist family whose property was confiscated during the Revolution. His parents were Thomas and Apphia (Vanderpoel) Longworth, and his uncle was David Longworth, the publisher of the early directories of New York City.
Education
Longworth studied law under Judge Jacob Burnet and was admitted to the bar in Ohio.
Career
Longworth started to work as a clerk in his elder brother's store in South Carolina. Then he practiced as an attorney in Cincinnati. The fee for his first case, the defense of an alleged horsethief, was two second-hand copper stills which he traded for 33 acres, later valued at $2, 000, 000. He offered $5, 000, on time, for Judge Burnet's cow-pasture, was reproved for his foolhardiness, but saw his acquisition reach a valuation of $1, 500, 000. His practice of accepting land for fees soon involved him in extensive real-estate dealings. In 1850 he paid, next to William Backhouse Astor, the highest taxes on realty in the United States.
He was patron of the sculptors, Hiram Powers and Shobal Vail Clevenger and the donor of the site of the Cincinnati observatory. He seldom gave away money, but he offered the unemployed work in his stone-quarry on the Ohio and often deeded widows half the property their husbands had leased.
Longworth was also very interested in gardening and succeeded in making the growing of grapes a commercial success. He imported thousands of European grapes but was unsuccessful until he obtained the native Catawba from John Adlum. In 1828 he produced marketable wine, retired from the law, and devoted himself to grape-culture and winemanufacture. He had extensive vineyards and two large winehouses near Cincinnati.
The part he played in the cultivation of strawberries was equally interesting. Of the gardeners about Cincinnati, only Abergust, a German from Philadelphia, raised strawberries profitably. One day Abergust's son, sauntering through Longworth's strawberry patch, remarked that the crop would be poor as nearly all the plants were male. With this clue, Longworth soon discovered that, virtually, staminate and pistillate plants must be interplanted for successful culture. He informed Cincinnati's market growers, who soon took a leading position in strawberry production, published his discovery, and, when met with scepticism, precipitated, in 1842, the "Strawberry War, " which he triumphantly waged against the foremost horticulturists of his time. Longworth denied the value of hermaphrodite strawberries but, later, introduced one, the Longworth Prolific, found by a tenant. He also introduced the Ohio Everbearing Black Raspberry.
He wrote numerous articles, which appeared in horticultural periodicals and, in 1846, published A Letter from N. Longworth . .. on the Cultivation of the Grape, and Manufacture of Wine, also, on the Character and Habits of the Strawberry Plant (1846). He wrote the "Appendix Containing Directions for the Cultivation of the Strawberry" for the 1852 edition of Robert Buchanan's The Culture of the Grape.
Achievements
Longworth was the first millionaire in Cincinnati. He became one of the ablest horticulturists America has produced and also a popular wine maker. His sparkling Catawba and Isabella wines took many state agricultural society prizes, and a gift of wine to Longfellow inspired the poem, "Catawba Wine. "
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Religion
Longworth was an attendant of the Presbyterian Church, but he had little respect for preachers.
Politics
Longworth was a member of the Whig Party.
Membership
Longworth was active in the Cincinnati Horticultural Society and was, for some time, president of the Pioneer Association of Cincinnati.
Connections
Longworth married, in 1807, Susan Connor, widowed daughter of Silas Howell, by whom he had four children. His great-grandson was Nicholas Longworth, the speaker of the House of Representatives.