Education
1908-1910 at Moscow University.
1908-1910 at Moscow University.
Active in student revol movement. 1911 expelled from university for membership of Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party, arrested and exiled to Vologda Province. After 1917 October Revol military work.
1918-1919 head, Polit Board, Western Military district. 1919-1920 military comissar with troops guarding Soviet railroads. 1921-1923 comissar for military supply, Moscow Military district.
1923-1925 staff comissar, Caucasian Army. From 1926 executive government work. From 1936 senior economics admin work.
Delegation at 16th Party Congress. From 1953 pensioner.