Background
PODVOYSKJY, Nikolay was born on February 28, 1880 in village Kunashovka, Chernigov Oblast. Son of a teacher who later became a village priest.
PODVOYSKJY, Nikolay was born on February 28, 1880 in village Kunashovka, Chernigov Oblast. Son of a teacher who later became a village priest.
1894 graduate Nezhin Theological College. 1894—1901 studied at Chernigov Theological Seminary, from which he was expelled for revol activities. From 1901 studied at Demidov Law College, Yaroslavl.
Directed underground Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party workers’ circle. 1904-1905 chairman, Bolshevik students’ comt and member, Yaroslavl’ Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party Committee. Active in 1905-1907 Revol.
May—June 1905 helped lead general textile workers’ strike and organize Assembly of Plen Deputy (Soviet of Workers’ Deputy) in Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Organized workers’ combat squads in Yaroslavl’. 20 October 1905 seriously wounded in armed clash between workers and police in Yaroslavl’.
1906-1907 lived in Germany and Switzerland. 1907 returned to Russia. 1907-1908 with Saint St. Petersburg, 1910-1911 with Kostroma and Baku, 1911 — 17 again with Saint St. Petersburg Russian Social-Democratic Workers ’Party (Bolsheviks) Committees.
Frequently arrested; 1908-1910 and November 1916 - February 1917 in prison. 1907-1918, together with M. South. Kedrov, directed “Zemo” legal Party publ house in Saint St. Petersburg. 1910-1914 helped found and run newspapers “Zvezda” and “Pravda”.
Mainly responsible for routing Lenin’s correspondence with “Pravda” and with the Bolshevik faction of 4th State Duma. 1915-1916 ed, journal “Voprosy strakhovaniya”. Member, Finance Commission, Russian Bureau, Central Committee, Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party.
Took part in 1917 February Revol in Petrograd. From March 1917 member, Petrograd RSDRPfB) Committee. Deputy, Petrograd Soviet.
Head. Military Organization(s), Central Committee, Russian Social-Democratic Workers ’Party (Bolsheviks). Helped found and edit newspapers “Soldatskaya pravda”, “Rabochiy i soldat” and “Soldat”. June 1917 elected chairman, All-Russian Bureau of Front and Rear Military Organization(s), Central Committee, Russian Social-Democratic Workers ’Party (Bolsheviks).
Delegation at 7th (April) Party Conference and 6th Congress, where he presented a report on the Military Organisation Helped muster, train and arm Red Guards prior to 1917 October Revol. Member, Petrograd Military Revol Committee.
Bureau member of latter and member of its Field Staff, Operations Troyka and other organs preparing coup. During 1917 October Revol chairman, Military Revol Committee. Personally directed storming of Winter Palace.
Commander, Petrograd Military district. 9 November 1917 appointed member, Committee (later People's Commissariat) for Military and Naval Affairs. November 1917 — March 1918 Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic People's Commissar of Military Affairs.
From January 1918 also chairman, All-Russian Collegium to Organize and Administer the Red Guards. From February 1918 also member, Petrograd Revol Defense Committee. March 1918 appointed member, Higher Military Council, then chairman, Higher Military Inspectorate.
January — September 1919 Ukraine People's Commissar of Naval Affairs. 1919-1923 chief of general military training. 1919-1920 member, Military Revol Council, 7th Army, Western Front and 10th Army, Caucasian Front.
Fought at Petrograd, on the Volga, in the Urals, on the Don and in the South. 1920-1923 chairman, Higher Physical Training Council. 1921-1923 chairman, Sport International (Sportintcrn).
At 13th—15th Congresses elected member, All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Centr Control Commission. Member, Commission for Collating and Studying Material on the History of the October Revol and the Communist Party. From 1935 retired.
Religion doesn't give equal treatment to women and therefore contradicts basic human rights.
Communist Party of the Soviet Union is the guiding force of all socialist countries, and the nucleus of their political system.
Communist Party member from 1901.