(This book, "The Nation's Health: A Report to the Presiden...)
This book, "The Nation's Health: A Report to the President", by Oscar R. Ewing, is a replication of a book originally published before 1948. It has been restored by human beings, page by page, so that you may enjoy it in a form as close to the original as possible. This book was created using print-on-demand technology. Thank you for supporting classic literature.
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political adviser corporation lawyer
He was born in Greensburg, Indiana, one of two children of George McClellan Ewing and Jeanette ("Nettie") Moore.
His father was a merchant of modest means. Influenced by an uncle who was a lawyer and circuit court judge, Ewing knew at an early age that he wanted to be a lawyer.
After graduating from public high school in Greensburg in 1906, he worked his way through Indiana University. A philosophy major, Ewing (who hated the name Oscar and was known as "Jack"), was elected president of his class in both his junior and senior years. After graduating from Indiana in 1910, Ewing entered Harvard Law School, where he was chosen editor of the Harvard Law Review. Again working to pay his tuition, Ewing ran out of money about halfway through the program. The dean of the law school, Ezra Ripley Thayer, thought so highly of Ewing that he personally loaned him the money to continue his education.
Graduating in 1913, Ewing later not only repaid Thayer but established a revolving student loan fund in the dean's name. Interested in politics from an early age, Ewing was elected secretary of the Decatur County (Indiana) Democratic Committee before he was old enough to vote. But he vowed he would never devote himself exclusively to politics until he was financially independent.
In 1919, after one year of service in the United States Army stationed in Washington, D. C. , Ewing joined the law firm of Hughes, Schurman and Dwight in New York City. (Charles Evans Hughes, a founding partner of the firm, was a former governor of New York and later chief justice of the Supreme Court. )
When that firm was dissolved in 1937, Ewing became a cofounder of Hughes, Hubbard and Ewing, also in New York, remaining as a partner there until 1947, with Charles Evans Hughes, Jr. The practice, whose clients included the pharmaceutical giant Merck and Company and the Aluminum Company of America, was very successful.
Ewing entered the political arena in 1939, when he was named eastern states campaign manager for Paul McNutt, a former governor of Indiana who had been a fraternity brother of Ewing's at Indiana University, for the Democratic nomination for president in 1940.
McNutt pulled out of the race when President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced he would run for a third term.
In 1940, Ewing became assistant chairman of the Democratic National Committee after Judge Ferdinand Pecora, an important political figure in New York City, recommended him to President Roosevelt.
With the loss of Democratic control of both houses of Congress in the 1946 election, Ewing became convinced that Truman was paying too much attention to the conservative members of his administration, thereby alienating many of the liberal groups that had been essential to the winning coalition Roosevelt had forged.
Ewing invited a small but influential group of liberal advisers to meet in his apartment in the Wardman Park Hotel in Washington, D. C. , to discuss political strategy. This private informal body, which called itself the "Monday Night Group, " met weekly from 1947 until the end of Truman's presidency in 1952.
It included Clark Clifford, who was counsel to the president and the group's unofficial liaison with Truman. The Monday Night Group changed the course of Truman's presidency. It laid out a liberal agenda, effecting Truman's upset election victory over Thomas E. Dewey in 1948 and forming the core of the Fair Deal, which guided the president for the rest of his term. Among the group's initial recommendations were such presidential actions as desegregating the armed forces and vetoing the Tart-Hartley bill.
In January of 1948, Truman requested a study of the possibilities for raising health levels in the interest of national welfare and security. Ewing advised Truman that only a prepaid system of government health insurance would meet the health and medical needs of all the people. In his report to the president entitled The Nation's Health--A Ten Year Program (1948), he pointed out the inadequacy of the voluntary system of health care, including voluntary insurance plans.
The Ewing report was vigorously endorsed by Truman, who made it part of his political strategy in the 1948 campaign. A peripheral but troubling question erupted right before the 1948 election on the matter of the partition of Palestine and the establishment of a Jewish state.
Ewing investigated the legal claims of the Arabs and Jews to Palestine and found that under international law the Allies could dispose of Palestine--conquered from Turkey in World War I--as they wished.
He told Truman that the Jews' title to a part of this conquered land became indisputable when the Allies transferred their title to it to them and advised him not to consent to any modification of boundaries as fixed by the United Nations except as it was agreeable to the Jews. Truman recognized de facto the state of Israel within several hours after it was proclaimed.
Ewing retired from government service and politics in January 1953 as the Truman presidency came to an end. Wishing to live in a college town, he moved to Chapel Hill, North Carolina, in 1960.
There he served the rest of his life as a director of the Research Triangle Foundation, a nonprofit organization that attracted corporations such as IBM to locate major research facilities in about 5, 000 acres of land within the area bounded by the University of North Carolina, Duke University, and North Carolina State University. From 1963 to 1967, Ewing was also chairman of the Research Triangle Regional Planning Commission.
Ewing died at his home in Chapel Hill.
As vice-chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1942 to 1947, Ewing was largely responsible for running the 1944 convention in Chicago. He was instrumental in the nomination of Harry S. Truman over Henry Wallace to be Roosevelt's running mate. After Truman's assumption of the presidency in 1945, Robert E. Hannegan, then chairman of the Democratic National Committee and a close friend of Truman's, urged the president to appoint Ewing administrator of the Federal Security Agency (now the Department of Health and Human Services). Ewing served in that post from August 27, 1947, to January 20, 1953.
(This book, "The Nation's Health: A Report to the Presiden...)
Ewing entered the political arena in 1939, when he was named eastern states campaign manager for Paul McNutt, a former governor of Indiana who had been a fraternity brother of Ewing's at Indiana University, for the Democratic nomination for president in 1940.
But he vowed he would never devote himself exclusively to politics until he was financially independent.
Quotations: A social reformer who empathized with the downtrodden, he prized his new job because, as he said, "our agency, more than any other in the federal government, deals with human values. The degree to which we can give all citizens equal access to the basic human needs is the measure of practical democracy. "
He was a member of the Research Triangle Foundation.
Ewing married Helen Eliza Dennis on November 4, 1915. They had two children.
His first wife died in June 1953, and he married Mary Whiting MacKay Thomas on October 12, 1955.
mother Jeanette ("Nettie") Moore
2nd wife Mary Whiting MacKay Thomas
When that firm was dissolved in 1937, Ewing became a cofounder of Hughes, Hubbard and Ewing, also in New York, remaining as a partner there until 1947, with Charles Evans Hughes, Jr.
