Party work in Saint St. Petersburg, Tula and Samara. Repeatedly arrested by Tsarist authorities. After 1917 February Revol Party work in Samara.
After 1917 October Revol economics work in Petrograd and Moscow: deputy Board chairman, Low-Tension Plants Trust. Board chairman, later manager, Soyuzsel'mash (All-Union Agric MachineBuilding) Trust. Member, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Supreme Economic Council.
From 1933 head, Main Agric Machine-Building Board, Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics People's Commissariat of Heavy Indiana. 1921-1922 member, anti-Party "Workers’ Opposition" group. Signed the 22-signature Communist International declaration.
Soon after 9th Congress (1922) withdrew from opposition. Arrested by State Security organs.
Religion is bad because it wastes time and money.
Peaceful coexistence among Soviet and Western block is a continuation of the class struggle between the socialist and capitalist worlds, but not based on armed conflict. The conflict is mainly economical.
Communist Party member from 1913.