Education
1907 graduate History and Philology Department, Kiev University.
1907 graduate History and Philology Department, Kiev University.
From 1907 taught educational theory and psychology at Moscow women's secondary educational institutions. From 1913 lecturer in psychology and philosophy, Moscow University. At same time gave courses in pedag and psychology at Shanyavskiy University and Higher Women's Teachers’ Training Courses.
In Soviet period lectured at 1st and 2nd Moscow University. Helped found and run Krupskaya Academy of Communist Education. Supervised team of young psychologists and postgrads at Moscow Institute of Psychology.
Helped to reform school system and establish labor polytech school. Critized standard syllabuses and curricula and class work. 1921 joined Sciences Pedagogical Section, State Learned Council, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic People's Commissariat of Education.
Helped draft new programs aimed at gearing school to life and to tasks of socialist construction. Opposed idealistic psychology and conducted pedological research. In 1930's, when Soviet school system reverted to previous traditions, he was criticized for instilling positivism and biologism in educational and mechanistic concepts in pedology.