Background
Vinogradov, Pavel was born on November 30, 1854 in Kostroma.
Vinogradov, Pavel was born on November 30, 1854 in Kostroma.
Professor of Moscow University, 1884. Specialized in medieval history (especially British). Resigned, 1902, and moved to England.
Professor at Oxford University, 1903. From 1908, again professor at Moscow University (keeping his Oxford professorship). Resigned from Moscow University, 1911, protesting against the dismissal of some of his colleagues.
After the October Revolution 1917, emigrated to Britain and became a British subject. Some of his research has created new perspectives in British medieval studies: Villainage in England, 1892, and English Society in the 11th Century, 1908. His collected papers were published in English in Oxford, 1928.
Member of the academies of science of several countries.
Every religion forces people to rely on outside authority, thus depriving them to become self-sufficient.
The role of the individual as a member of a collective is more important than the individual.