The New Testament: Being the English Only of the Greek and English Testament
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The Philadelphia Universalist Magazine And Christian Messenger; Volume 1
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Minutes of a Discussion on the Question "Is the Punishment of the Wicked Absolutely Eternal? Or Is It Only a Temporal Punishment in This World, for ... Happiness After Death?" (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Minutes of a Discussion on the Question "Is ...)
Excerpt from Minutes of a Discussion on the Question "Is the Punishment of the Wicked Absolutely Eternal? Or Is It Only a Temporal Punishment in This World, for Their Good, and to Be Succeeded by Eternal Happiness After Death?"
Yours of yesterday has been duly received. You inform me that you have never solicited a public debate with any man, though you have never declined one; and that you have, before now, come in contact, in this way, both with the laity and the clergy. As you pro fess a willingness to do the same again we will leave the community to judge whether all that you have said and done, and written and publish ed, will amount to an invitation or not.
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An Introduction to the Defence of Abner Kneeland, Charged With Blasphemy: Before the Municipal Court, in Boston, Mass at the January Term, in 1894 (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from An Introduction to the Defence of Abner Knee...)
Excerpt from An Introduction to the Defence of Abner Kneeland, Charged With Blasphemy: Before the Municipal Court, in Boston, Mass at the January Term, in 1894
This argument object to, since it proves too much. Philo sophical, political, moral and theological errors have, for eggs, prevailed throughout the most civilized parts of the world. S follies of witchcraft, magic and astrology, have received full credence among people the most dissimilar, and in nations that have had no intercourse with each other.
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The Olive Branch and Christian Inquirer, Vol. 1: Devoted to Science, Religion and Morality (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from The Olive Branch and Christian Inquirer, Vol...)
Excerpt from The Olive Branch and Christian Inquirer, Vol. 1: Devoted to Science, Religion and Morality
As to our existence - we know that we have a being, and that we are here; that we have been here but a short time, and all nature teaches us that we shall'stay here but a little while longer. Let us then endeavor to'
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National Hymns, Original and Selected: For the Use of Those Who Are "Slaves to No Sect" (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from National Hymns, Original and Selected: For t...)
Excerpt from National Hymns, Original and Selected: For the Use of Those Who Are "Slaves to No Sect"
I would resolve with all my heart, With all my powers true peace pursue 3 Nor from these precepts e 'er depart, Which have the good of man in view.
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A Series of Lectures On the Doctrine of Universal Benevolence
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Speech of Abner Kneeland Delivered Before the Supreme Court of the City of Boston, in His Own Defence, on an Indictment for Blasphemy. November Term, 1834
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The Columbian Miscellany: Containing a Variety of Important, Instructive, and Entertaining Matter, Chiefly Selected Out of the Philadelphian ... in the Years 1788 and 1789 (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from The Columbian Miscellany: Containing a Varie...)
Excerpt from The Columbian Miscellany: Containing a Variety of Important, Instructive, and Entertaining Matter, Chiefly Selected Out of the Philadelphian Magazines, Published in London, in the Years 1788 and 1789
The s'laa'elplyian Magazines fell into my hands about nine months ago. I found them to contain many important subjects, all of which appeared to be written with that candor which becometh a christian. They were published in London, and blit a very few volumes had ever been brought to this country, and it was very 'uncertain whether any more would ever arrive from thence Therefore I thought it would be very advantageous to, the people of the United States, to have a part of them reprinted. I have endeavored to select out the most important subjects, and have arranged them in such order as naturally to lead the mind into the truths con-a tained therein.
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Review of the Evidences of Christianity: In a Series of Lectures, Delivered in Broadway Hall, New-York, August, 1829; To Which Is Prefixed, an Extract ... Nation Previous to the Time of Alexander
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Excerpt from Review of the Evidences of Christianity: In a Series of Lectures, Delivered in Broadway Hall, New-York, August, 1829; To Which Is Prefixed, an Extract From Wyttenach's Opuscula, on the Ancient Notices of the Jewish Nation Previous to the Time of Alexander the Great
To which I answer, I hope the time will come when this wnl be the case. But that time is not yet. These lectures will be use ful only as an antidote to the person of the others! Happy, ia deed, will it be for mankind when they shall no longer stand in need of such an antidote. Medicine is not useful for food; but only as an antidote to disease. Mankind have been deceived, and 'these lectures are necessary to undeceive them. But when they shall be undeceived and children taught as they should be, to know what can be known, and to believe nothing but what can be rationally inferred from known facts, then, but not till then, these lectures will be no longer necessary or useful.
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Abner Kneeland was an American clergyman. He served for the ministry at various churches for over 26 years and was convicted of blasphemy in the state of Massachusetts.
Background
Abner Kneeland was descended through his father from Edward Kneeland who settled at Ipswich, Massachusetts, about 1630; and through his mother, Moriah Stone, from Captain John Stone, an early member of the Plymouth colony. His father, Timothy Kneeland, was a soldier in the Revolution. Abner was born on April 07, 1774 in what became Gardner, Massachusetts, United States.
Education
Kneeland attended the common schools and spent one term in Chesterfield (New Hampshire) Academy.
Career
At the age of 21 Kneeland joined the Baptist Church at Putney, Vermont, doing some preaching. In 1803 he became a Universalist and the following year was licensed to preach. In 1805 the Congregationalists united with the Universalists in making him the town minister at Langdon, New Hampshire.
He represented the town in the legislature (1810 - 1811), and published A Brief Sketch of a New System of Orthography (1807), setting forth a phonetic system. He also brought out spelling books which had some vogue. In 1812 he became minister of a Universalist Society at Charlestown, Massachusetts. The following year he went into business in that town. He had commenced to doubt the divine origin of the Scriptures, and about this time undertook a somewhat extensive correspondence on the subject with his friend Hosea Ballou. This correspondence was published in 1816 as A Series of Letters in Defence of Divine Revelation. In 1817, his doubts being somewhat allayed, he resumed preaching at Whitestown, New York, and in the fall of the following year was settled over the Lombard Street Universalist Church in Philadelphia. There he edited successively the Christian Messenger, 1819-1821, the Philadelphia Universal Magazine and Christian Messenger, 1821-1823, and the Gazetteer (1824), in all his papers championing liberal views. He also published, among other works, a translation of the New Testament (1822).
In 1825 his preaching and editorial activity were transferred to New York where for two years he served the Prince Street Universalist Society, resigning after a controversy with the trustees and becoming pastor of the newly organized Second Universalist Society. He began editing the Olive Branch in May 1827 (in 1828 the Olive Branch and Christian Inquirer), a paper devoted to "free inquiry, pure morality and rational Christianity. " During this period he became intimate with Robert Dale Owen and Frances Wright, and was a frequent contributor to the Free Enquirer. His radicalism gradually estranged him from the Universalists, and at the meeting of the Southern Association in Hartford, May 1829, upon the advice of Hosea Ballou, he asked and was granted permission to suspend himself from fellowship.
Kneeland then went to Boston where he became the leader of a group known as the First Society of Free Enquirers, lectured frequently on Rationalism, and in 1831 began to expound his pantheistic views in the Boston Investigator, probably the first Rationalist journal in the United States. In the issue of December 20, 1833, he used language and illustrative material which led to his indictment for publishing "a certain scandalous, impious, obscene, blasphemous and profane libel of and concerning God. " Tried in January 1834, he was convicted, but appealed. In two further trials the juries disagreed, but conviction was again secured at the fourth trial, November term, 1835. The appeal was postponed from term to term until 1838, when James T. Austin, attorney-general of Massachusetts, obtained a confirmation of the judgment, and sentence of sixty days was pronounced.
When the Governor's Council met a few days later, a petition for pardon bearing about 170 names and a remonstrance signed by some 230 citizens were referred to the committee on pardons. The petition for pardon was signed by such men as William Ellery Channing, George Ripley, George W. Briggs, A. Bronson Alcott, Theodore Parker, William Lloyd Garrison, and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Three eminent pastors of Boston Baptist churches, though men of conservative theological views, also signed. The committee took no action, however, and sentence was enforced. Theodore Parker wrote: "Abner was jugged for sixty days; but he will come out as beer from a bottle, all foaming, and will make others foam".
About 1838 the First Society of Free Enquirers had planned to found a colony in the West, and in the spring of 1839, some months after his release from jail, Kneeland emigrated to the chosen site, which he had named Salubria, on the Des Moines River some two miles from Farmington, Iowa. Here, although the colony project did not materialize, he made his home for the remaining five years of his life.
In 1840 he was a Democratic candidate for the territorial council, and in 1842 was chairman of the Democratic convention of Van Buren County, but in both instances the "infidel ticket" which he supported was defeated by a combination of Whigs and "church Democrats. " Though he was anathema to the straitly orthodox churchmen, Kneeland was held in high esteem by freethinkers. For some months after he moved to the West he taught school at Helena, Arkansas, and was remembered by a former pupil for his noteworthy kindness and gentleness. He died at Salubria in his seventy-first year.
(Excerpt from The Olive Branch and Christian Inquirer, Vol...)
Religion
Kneeland was an advocate of Universalism. In 1820s he left Universalist Church and became the member of the First Society of Free Enquirers.
Views
Kneeland supported the women's rights, racial equality, and interracial marriage.
Personality
Personally Kneeland was refined and sensitive, with a calm, courteous manner. He was also a man of indisputable courage and purity of character.
Connections
On April 9, 1797, Kneeland married Waitstill Ormsbee. His first wife died in 1806 and he married Lucinda Mason. In 1813, he married his third wife, Mrs. Eliza Osborn of Salem. By his four marriages--the last in 1834 to Mrs. Dolly L. Rice--he was the father of twelve children.