Background
Kowalski was born in a small village of Paprotnia near Rawa Mazowiecka (then Russian Empire, now Poland) as a son of farm worker
Kowalski was born in a small village of Paprotnia near Rawa Mazowiecka (then Russian Empire, now Poland) as a son of farm worker
Because of his family poverty he graduated just three school grades and later became an autodidact.
He was also a publisher and writer He was also known by the pseudonyms Sałas, Bartłomiej Zarychta and Stanisławski. 1944–1945: Vice President of the SL "Wola"
1948–1949: SL Leader
During World War I he fought in the Imperial Russian Army and later in the Puławy Legion.
From 1918 to 1939 he was an active publisher and writer
After the War he was a Minister of Culture (1945–1947) and member and Vice President of the State National Council. He was an author of novels, articles and poems.
He published following novels: Chłopi z Marchat (1930), West Grzmiącej (1936), Rodzina Mianowskich (1938) oraz opowiadań Dalekie i bliskie (1948), Bunt w Starym Łęku (1951), Bestia (1951), Wino (1966).
Polish People"s Party, Polish Workers" Party.
Before he became a communist, he was member of various peasants parties, such as Polish People"s Party "Wyzwolenie" (since 1918), Peasant"s Independent Party (1925–1927), United People"s Left "Samopomoc" (1927–1931) and People"s Party (1944–1949 – various factions). He was also an active member of the Communist Party of Poland (since 1928) and Politieke Partij Radikalen (Political Party of Radical Democrats) (since 1942). Kowalski was a longtime member of parties leaderships:
1926–1927: Member of the Central Committee of the PIP
1945–1949: Member of the Supreme Council of the SL
Since 1949: Member of the United People"s Party leadership and, from 1949 to 1956 Chairman of the Committee
During World World War II he was a member of the resistance.