Education
Lviv University.
political scientist politician
Lviv University.
Born 25 February 1862 in the town of Skole, now in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine, but then within the Habsburg Monarchy. Professor of Lwów University, dean of its law department (1889–1890) and the University"s rector (1908–1909), he was also an activist in the Polish National Democracy movement. In 1911, from January to June he was Railway Minister in the I.R. Government for Cisleithania in Vienna led by Richard von Bienerth-Schmerling.
In 1918 he was the third and last Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Poland (1916–1918) before the Kingdom"s transformation into the Second Polish Republic.
In 1923 he served as Minister of Education and Religion. After the 1939 Soviet invasion of Poland, he was arrested by the Soviet People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs, transported to Lubyanka Prison, and died in 1941.
He was a leading member of the Popular National Union and later of the National Party, in 1919–1928 deputy to the Sejm, and in 1928–1935 deputy to the Senate.