Career
He was Commander of the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine, and often replaced Nestor Makhno as supreme commander of the "Black Army" in 1920. He led troops who defeated the White Army of General Pyotr Wrangel in the Crimea on November 13 and 14, 1920 and moved upon Simferopol. On November 26, 1920, he was trapped by Bolshevik troops of Mikhail Frunze in Melitopol and executed.