Career
Petković began his career with FK Vojvodina with which he played excellently in the 2006-2007 Serbian SuperLiga season. Foreign clubs became interested in his services and he subsequently signed for Gençlerbirliği South.K., where he got less playing time and was loaned to two different clubs. In the summer of 2009, he signed with Eintracht Frankfurt, but again only managed to play on an infrequent basis and was loaned out to Football Club Tom Tomsk and First Rate (at Lloyd's)-Ahli (Jeddah) before coming to sign for Red Star Belgrade in 2011.
Red Star Belgrade
Petković signed a two-year contract with Red Star Belgrade on the last day of the summer 2011 transfer window.
Sydney Football Club
On 19 September 2013, Sydney Football Club announced that they had completed their squad for the 2013/14 season by signing Petković on a 1-year deal. On 8 October 2014, Petković, along with teammate Saša Ognenovski were appointed Sydney Football Club"s vice-captains for the 2014-2015 A-League season.
K.V.C. Westerlo
On the 24th of June, Petković signed with K.V.C. Westerlo due to homesickness. Despite being contracted until 2017, Petkovic terminated his contract in January 2016 for personal reasons.
Yanbian Fude
On 26 January 2016, Petković transferred to Yanbian Fude in the Chinese Super League.