Career
He was arrested in 1933 and for one month, was held at Kemna concentration camp, where he was tortured physically and psychologically.
He was arrested in 1933 and for one month, was held at Kemna concentration camp, where he was tortured physically and psychologically.
Socialist Unity Party of Germany, Communist Party of Germany, Social Democratic Party of Germany, Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany.
He served in the Landtag in North Rhine-Westphalia and was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. After the war, he became a member of the Communist Party.