Education
Kim attended Sungshil School, which was run by American missionaries, and became a teacher and later an herbal pharmacist.
Kim attended Sungshil School, which was run by American missionaries, and became a teacher and later an herbal pharmacist.
Little is known about Hyong-jik. Born on 10 July 1894, in the small village of Mangyungdai, situated on top of a peak called "Mungyungbong" (translated as "All Seeing Peak") located just 12 kilometers down stream on the Diadong River from the city of Pyongyang, Kim was the son of Kim Bo-hyon (金輔鉉, 1871–1955). He died as a result of numerous medical problems, including third-degree frostbite.
Kim Il-sung spoke a lot of his father"s idea of chiwŏn (righteous aspirations).
Kim Jong-Il"s official government biography states that Kim Hyong-jik was "the leader of the anti-Japanese national liberation movement and was a pioneer in shifting the direction from the nationalist movement to the communist movement in of Korea." This is widely disputed among foreign academics and independent sources, who claim that Kim Hyong-jik"s opposition was little more than general grievances with life under the Japanese occupation.