He was a son of count Eberhard IV and Henriette of Montbéliard. After the death of his father count Eberhard IV, he and his brother Ulrich V were put under the tutelage from 1419 to 1426. Besides his mother Henriette of Montbéliard this guardianship was executed by officials, the so-called Regentschaftsrat (Regency Council).
He reigned from 1419 until 1450. The wedding was celebrated on 21 October 1436 in Stuttgart. After Ulrich"s wedding with Margarethe von Cleve, the two brothers agreed on the partition of Württemberg.
This was first limited on four years.
But finally was made permanent by the Treaty of Nürtingen, signed on 23 January 1442. Ludwig received the part of Urach with the territories in the south and the west of the county, including the territories in Alsace.
After the death of Henriette of Montbéliard in 1444, Ludwig also obtained Montbéliard. Ludwig remodeled Urach into his residence and implemented an active policy to strengthen the monasteries in his realm of power.
He tried to align Württemberg more with the Wittelsbach and Habsburg dynasties.
Foreign example he supported duke Albert VI of Austria in his fight against the Old Swiss Confederacy. He died in 1450 as a result of the plague.
