Education
Harvard Medical School. University of Rochester.
Harvard Medical School. University of Rochester.
Born in Rochester, New York, he was a graduate of the University of Rochester, and received his Doctor of Medicine from Harvard Medical School. He was a Professor of Orthopedic Surgery at the University of Rochester from 1976 to 1990. His interest in automotive safety began when he served as race physician for the Watkins Glen International Speedway.
As race physician, he learned the risks to the driver of being thrown from the car and the protection afforded by seat belts.
In 1966, he developed the first set of automobile safety standards. In 1970, he developed an improved shoulder harness to restrain the upper body and prevent injuries that occur when the occupant hits the dashboard or windshield.
States drafted the New York State seat belt law in 1983, the first such law in the United States. Similar laws have now been adopted in 49 states, and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration credits these laws with dramatically increasing seat belt use and decreasing injuries and fatalities from traffic accidents. He is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons.
He was also a Visiting Scientist at the Centers for Disease Control.
He was the author of 83 scientific publications and held a patent for an improved seat belt latch. He died in Rochester in 2015, aged 89.
He served as a member of the National Motor Vehicle Safety Advisory Council and chaired the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles Medical Advisory Board.