Career
After returning to England he collaborated with John Edward Gray in the publication of Illustrations of Indian Zoology (1830-1835). He joined the British East India Company army with the Bengal Artillery as a Lieutenant Fireworker on 3 November 1778. He was posted in southern India from 1781 to 1785 serving under Colonel Pearce and Sir Eyre Coote.
He was in the field during the campaign against Tipu Sultan in 1790-1792.
He saw action in the Relief of Vellore (10 January 1782), the Siege of Cuddalore (June 1783) and in the Rohilla Campaign (26 October 1794). He was wounded at Satyamangalam on 13 September 1790 and was posted as a Company Orderly at Bangalore before moving to Bengal in 1793 to become Adjutant and Quartermaster of Artillery.
Hardwicke rose to become Major-General in 1819. He resigned from the command of the Bengal Artillery in 1823 to return to England and died at The Lodge, Lambeth, on 3 March 1835.
During his military career in India, Hardwicke travelled extensively over the subcontinent.
He started collecting zoological specimens in these travels and amassed a large collection of paintings of animals which he got local artists to make. Most paintings were made from dead specimens, but many were also drawn from life. When he left India, he had the largest collection of drawings of Indian animals ever formed by an individual.
The Indian artists employed by Hardwicke are unknown, except for one Goordial, but they were trained and their style was adapted to the demands of technical illustration using watercolours.
The collection was bequeathed to the British Museum in 1835 which was later partly moved to the Natural History Museum. The collection consists of 4500 illustrations.
Hardwicke"s enthusiasm for the natural history of India was matched by the leading naturalists in England, with whom he corresponded. He was in contact with Sir Joseph Banks, President of the Royal Society and he himself became a fellow of the Royal Society in 1813.
His collections of illustrations were used by zoologists like J. East. Gray.
Illustrations of Indian Zoology was published with Hardwicke"s financing and it contained 202 large hand coloured plates, but he died before the textual part was produced. Hardwicke was elected Fellow of the Royal Society on 8 April 1813 and Fellow of the Linnean Society on 20 March 1804. Several species named to commemorate his work as ornithologist, naturalist and zoologist:
Common Blue Apollo, Parnassius hardwickii
Finless sleeper ray, Temera hardwickii
Hardwicke’s Pipefish, Solegnathus hardwickii
Hardwicke"s Wrasse, Thalassoma hardwickii
East Indian Leopard Gecko Eublepharis hardwickii
Hardwicke’s Spiny-tailed Lizard, Uromastyx hardwickii
Spine-bellied Sea Snake, Lapemis hardwickii
Orange-bellied Leafbird, Chloropsis hardwickii
Latham"s Snipe, Gallinago hardwickii
Hardwicke"s Woolly Bat, Kerivoula hardwickii
Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat, Rhinopoma hardwickii
The genus of a tree known for its hard wood, Hardwickia binata, was named after him by William Roxburgh.