Career
He gained his Bachelor in English Literature from Brooklyn College in 1951, followed by an Master of Arts from Columbia University in 1952 and an Master of Science in Mathematics from City University of New York in 1961. In 1963 he got a job with the International Business Machines Corporation Advanced Computer Utilization Department, where he helped develop the PL/I programming language and design the Operating system/360 and TSS/360 systems In 1980, he was appointed an International Business Machines Corporation Fellow.