146 Boulevard de Saint-Quentin, 80090 Amiens, France
Lycée la Providence where Emmanuel Macron did his studies.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
23 Rue Clovis, 75005 Paris, France
The Lycée Henri-IV where Emmanuel Macron completed his baccalauréat.
College/University
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
200 Avenue de la République, 92000 Nanterre, France
Paris Nanterre University where Emmanuel Macron earned a Master of Advanced Studies degree in philosophy.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
27 Rue Saint-Guillaume, 75007 Paris, France
The Sciences Po (Paris Institute of Political Studies) where Emmanuel Macron obtained a Master of Public Affairs degree in 2001.
Career
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2017
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
Emmanuel Macron with Donald Trump at the Elysee Palace in Paris
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2017
Emmanuel Macron with Ibrahim Boubacar Keita at the Bamako summit
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2017
Louvre Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Emmanuel Macron and his wife Brigitte at the opening of the Louvre Abu Dhabi Museum, portrayed with King Mohammed VI, Sheikh Mohammed Ben Zayed Al-Nahyane, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, and Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President of the State of the United Arab Emirates.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2017
Tallinn, Estonia
Emmanuel Macron and Angela Merkel meet to try to work out a common position on reforming the euro zone.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2017
Berlin, Germany
President Emmanuel Macron at a Press conference after a meeting of European Union leaders at the Chancellery on June 29 in Berlin, Germany. Photo by Michele Tantussi.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2017
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
Emmanuel Macron was officially inaugurated as French President at the Elysee Palace on May 14. Photo by Luc Castel.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2017
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
Emmanuel Macron was officially inaugurated as French President at the Elysee Palace on May 14. Photo by Luc Castel.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2017
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
French outgoing President Francois Hollande (left) meets his successor Emmanuel Macron, as he leaves the Elysee presidential Palace at the end of their handover ceremony and prior to Macron's formal inauguration as French President on May 14. Photo by Mehdi Taamallah/NurPhoto.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2017
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
(From left to right) President of the French Constitutional Council, Laurent Fabius and Emmanuel Macron at Macron's Official Inauguration as French President at the Elysee Palace on May 14. Photo by Luc Castel.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2018
Emmanuel Macron pictured with France's football team which won the World Cup.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2018
Senegal
The pop star and humanitarian Rihanna reunited with Emmanuel Macron at the Global Partnership for Education, for which she is an ambassador.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2018
United States
Emmanuel Macron with Donald Trump
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2018
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
Emmanuel Macron accompanies Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau after their meeting at the Elysee Palace on April 16. Photo by Chesnot.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2018
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
Emmanuel Macron welcomes Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan prior to their meeting at the Elysee Presidential Palace on January 5. Photo by Chesnot.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2018
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
Emmanuel Macron accompanies New Zealand's Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern after their meeting at the Elysee Palace on April 16. Photo by Chesnot.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2018
Rue de la Loi 155, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
Emmanuel Macron arrives at the Council of the European Union for the first day of the European Council leaders' summit at the Europa Building on March 22 in Brussels. Photo by Jack Taylor.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2018
Brussels, Belgium
Emmanuel Macron holds a press conference on the final day of the European Council leaders' summit on June 29 in Brussels, Belgium. Photo by Jack Taylor.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2018
New York City, New York, United States
Emmanuel Macron waits with British Prime Minister Theresa May for the arrival of President Donald Trump who is chairing a United Nations Security Council meeting on September 26 in New York City. Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images).
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2018
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20500, United States
United States President Donald Trump, United States first lady Melania Trump, and Emmanuel Macron participate in a tree-planting ceremony on the South Lawn of the White House on April 23. Photo by Chip Somodevilla.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2018
Balcarce 50, C1064 CABA, Argentina
Emmanuel Macron speaks to the press after a meeting with President of Argentina as part of the Argentina G20 Leaders' Summit at Casa Rosada on November 29 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Photo by Ricardo Ceppi.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2019
1 Place Gambetta, 83230 Bormes-les-Mimosas, France
Emmanuel Macron with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Brégançon, France
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2019
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
Emmanuel Macron welcomes British Prime Minister Boris Johnson prior to their meeting at the Elysee Presidential Palace on August 22. Photo by Thierry Chesnot.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2019
Renda Huitang W Rd, Xicheng District, China, 100031
Emmanuel Macron shakes hands with China's President Xi Jinping after a joint news conference at the Great Hall of the People on November 6 in Beijing, China. Photo by Jason Lee-Pool.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2019
Rue de la Loi 155, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
Emmanuel Macron talks to the media ahead of a European Council meeting on Brexit at the Europa Building, The European Parliament on April 10 in Brussels, Belgium. Photo by Leon Neal.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2019
Biarritz, France
(From left to right) United States President Donald Trump, Emmanuel Macron, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson attend an extended working session on Climate, Biodiversity and Oceans during the G7 Summit on August 26 in Biarritz, France. Photo by Pool - Jeff J. Mitchell.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2019
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
Emmanuel Macron welcomes Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky prior to their meeting at the Elysee Presidential Palace on June 17. Photo by Chesnot.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2019
Southsea, Portsmouth, Портсмут, Southsea PO5 3AE, United Kingdom
Emmanuel Macron, then British Prime Minister Theresa May, Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Queen Elizabeth II, United States President Donald Trump and United States First Lady Melania Trump attend the D-Day 75 National Commemorative Event to mark the 75th Anniversary of the D-Day Landings at Southsea Common on June 5 in Portsmouth, United Kingdom. Photo by Karwai Tang/WireImage.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2020
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
Emmanuel Macron and his wife Brigitte Macron welcome King Felipe of Spain and Queen Letizia of Spain prior to a lunch at the Elysee Presidential Palace on March 11 in Paris, France. Photo by Chesnot.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
2020
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
Emmanuel Macron welcomes Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte prior to a working lunch at the Elysee Presidential Palace on February 14. Photo by Chesnot.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
Bulgaria
Emmanuel Macron during his visit to Bulgaria accompanied by its Prime Minister Boyko Borisov.
Gallery of Emmanuel Macron
78000 Versailles, France
Emmanuel Macron speaks to Russian President Vladimir Putin in the Galerie des Batailles (Gallery of Battles).
Achievements
2017
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
Emmanuel Macron was officially inaugurated as French President at the Elysee Palace on May 14. Photo by Luc Castel.
Membership
Awards
Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold
Emmanuel Macron received the Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold on November 19, 2018.
Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose with Collar
Emmanuel Macron was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose with Collar on August 29, 2018.
Order of the Elephant
Emmanuel Macron was named Knight of the Order of the Elephant on August 28, 2018.
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Republic of Tunisia
Emmanuel Macron received the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Republic of Tunisia on January 31, 2018.
Most Excellent Order of the British Empire
Emmanuel Macron was named Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire on June 5, 2014.
Order of the Southern Cross
Emmanuel Macron was named Grand Officer of the Order of the Southern Cross on December 9, 2012.
Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer
Emmanuel Macron received the Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer on September 7, 2017.
Grand Cross of the National Order of the Ivory Coast
Emmanuel Macron was awarded the Grand Cross of the National Order of the Ivory Coast on December 20, 2019.
(From left to right) Singer Michel Polnareff (2nd left), his wife Danyellah (4th right), their son Louka (3rd left), Emmanuel Macron (3rd right), his wife Brigitte (far left), Veronique Sanson (2nd right), her companion Christian Meilland (right) attend Michel Polnareff performs at AccorHotels Arena Bercy on May 11. Photo by Bertrand Rindoff Petroff.
(From left to right) Stephane Bern, Emmanuel Macron and Prince Jean d'Orleans attend the College Royal et Militaire de Thiron-Gardais Exhibition Rooms Inauguration on June 10 in Thiron Gardais, France. Photo by Bertrand Rindoff Petroff.
Louvre Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Emmanuel Macron and his wife Brigitte at the opening of the Louvre Abu Dhabi Museum, portrayed with King Mohammed VI, Sheikh Mohammed Ben Zayed Al-Nahyane, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, and Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President of the State of the United Arab Emirates.
Emmanuel Macron returns to his house on a bicycle with Alexandre Benalla (left) on the eve of the second round of the French parliamentary elections on June 17 in Le Touquet-Paris-Plage, France. Photo by Chesnot.
President Emmanuel Macron at a Press conference after a meeting of European Union leaders at the Chancellery on June 29 in Berlin, Germany. Photo by Michele Tantussi.
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
French outgoing President Francois Hollande (left) meets his successor Emmanuel Macron, as he leaves the Elysee presidential Palace at the end of their handover ceremony and prior to Macron's formal inauguration as French President on May 14. Photo by Mehdi Taamallah/NurPhoto.
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
(From left to right) President of the French Constitutional Council, Laurent Fabius and Emmanuel Macron at Macron's Official Inauguration as French President at the Elysee Palace on May 14. Photo by Luc Castel.
Emmanuel Macron dabs with Paul Pogba during the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia Final between France and Croatia at Luzhniki Stadium on July 15. Photo by Michael Regan - FIFA.
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
Emmanuel Macron welcomes Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan prior to their meeting at the Elysee Presidential Palace on January 5. Photo by Chesnot.
Emmanuel Macron arrives at the Council of the European Union for the first day of the European Council leaders' summit at the Europa Building on March 22 in Brussels. Photo by Jack Taylor.
Emmanuel Macron holds a press conference on the final day of the European Council leaders' summit on June 29 in Brussels, Belgium. Photo by Jack Taylor.
Emmanuel Macron waits with British Prime Minister Theresa May for the arrival of President Donald Trump who is chairing a United Nations Security Council meeting on September 26 in New York City. Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images).
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20500, United States
United States President Donald Trump, United States first lady Melania Trump, and Emmanuel Macron participate in a tree-planting ceremony on the South Lawn of the White House on April 23. Photo by Chip Somodevilla.
Emmanuel Macron speaks to the press after a meeting with President of Argentina as part of the Argentina G20 Leaders' Summit at Casa Rosada on November 29 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Photo by Ricardo Ceppi.
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
Emmanuel Macron welcomes British Prime Minister Boris Johnson prior to their meeting at the Elysee Presidential Palace on August 22. Photo by Thierry Chesnot.
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
Emmanuel Macron and his wife Brigitte Macron wait for Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis and his wife Mareva Grabowski prior to their meeting at the Elysee Presidential Palace on August 22, 2019. Photo by Chesnot.
Renda Huitang W Rd, Xicheng District, China, 100031
Emmanuel Macron shakes hands with China's President Xi Jinping after a joint news conference at the Great Hall of the People on November 6 in Beijing, China. Photo by Jason Lee-Pool.
Emmanuel Macron talks to the media ahead of a European Council meeting on Brexit at the Europa Building, The European Parliament on April 10 in Brussels, Belgium. Photo by Leon Neal.
(From left to right) United States President Donald Trump, Emmanuel Macron, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson attend an extended working session on Climate, Biodiversity and Oceans during the G7 Summit on August 26 in Biarritz, France. Photo by Pool - Jeff J. Mitchell.
Southsea, Portsmouth, Портсмут, Southsea PO5 3AE, United Kingdom
Emmanuel Macron, then British Prime Minister Theresa May, Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Queen Elizabeth II, United States President Donald Trump and United States First Lady Melania Trump attend the D-Day 75 National Commemorative Event to mark the 75th Anniversary of the D-Day Landings at Southsea Common on June 5 in Portsmouth, United Kingdom. Photo by Karwai Tang/WireImage.
55 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France
Emmanuel Macron and his wife Brigitte Macron welcome King Felipe of Spain and Queen Letizia of Spain prior to a lunch at the Elysee Presidential Palace on March 11 in Paris, France. Photo by Chesnot.
Emmanuel Macron, in full Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frédéric Macron, is a French politician. Defeating National Front leader Marine Le Pen in May 2017, he became the first person in the history of the 5th Republic who gained the presidency without the support of either the Socialists or the Gaullists. He is to date the youngest head of France since Napoleon.
Background
Ethnicity:
Macron's paternal great-grandfather, George William Robertson was born in Bristol, United Kingdom. The politician's maternal grandparents, Jean and Germaine Noguès, came from the Pyrenean town of Bagnères-de-Bigorre, Gascony.
Emmanuel Macron was born on December 21, 1977, in Amiens, France. He is the eldest of three children in the family of doctors Jean-Michel Macron and Françoise Macron. Macron's siblings' names are Laurent and Estelle.
Education
Macron proved himself to be very intelligent and apt for literature, politics and theater at an early age.
After studying at the Jesuit school Lycée la Providence in Amiens, he completed his baccalauréat (the high school curriculum and the undergraduate program) at the prestigious Lycée Henri-IV in Paris. He also finished Amiens Conservatory in piano at the same time.
Failing twice the entrance exams to the École normale supérieure, Macron entered Paris Nanterre University where he studied philosophy and earned a Master of Advanced Studies degree with a thesis on Machiavelli and Hegel. In 2001, it was followed by a master's degree in public policy from the Sciences Po (Paris Institute of Political Studies). Three years later, Macron graduated near the top of his class from the prestigious École Nationale d'Administration (ENA) which alumni were French presidents Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, Jacques Chirac, and François Hollande.
The start of Emmanuel Macron's career can be counted from his service to a French philosopher and historian Paul Ricoeur. In about 1999, Macron helped edit the notes and bibliography of Ricoeur's book, Mémoire, l'Histoire, l'Oubli (Memory, History, Forgetting). The President-to-be also joined the editorial board of the literary periodical Esprit at the time.
As to the career in public service, it began in 2004 when Macron joined the French Ministry of Economy and Finance as an inspector. Three years later, Nicolas Sarkozy invited him to work at the bipartisan Attali Commission on economic growth. In September 2008, Macron left civil service in favor of the private sector, and joined Rothschild & Cie Banque, the French division of the international Rothschild financial group, as an investment banker.
He advanced quickly and soon became the managing director. In 2012, he played an important part in Nestlé $12 billion acquisition of Pfizer's baby food division. That same year, while still at Rothschild, Emmanuel Macron got involved in the presidential campaign of François Hollande nominated from the Socialist Party. After Hollande won the elections and took up the office, Macron was assigned the deputy secretary general of the Élysée on May 15, 2012. A frequent representative of the country at international summits, he was promoted to the Minister of the Economy and Industry two years later.
France's anemic economic activity and Europe's ongoing migrant crisis lowered the approval rating of the ruling President on the one hand and contributed to the rise of Marine Le Pen and her nationalist anti-immigrant party, the National Front on the other hand. Macron, in his turn, also showed signs of distancing from the Socialist government but the deadly terrorist attacks in Paris in November 2015 pushed him to postpone the complete break. The following year, the politician founded and headed a popular movement En Marche! ("Forward!"), positioned as democratic alternative to a sclerotic political system.
The launch of En Marche! aggravated Macron's relationship with Hollande. Following the resignation from the Ministry of the Economy and Industry on August 30, 2016, Emmanuel Macron announced his intention to compete for the presidency on November 16. After former Prime Minister François Fillon, estimated as the likely front-runner, was almost withdrawn from the campaign through a series of accusations that he had created fake jobs for members of his family and had improperly accepted tens of thousands of euros in gifts, and Hollande refused to seek reelection, the race effectively became a three-way contest between Macron, Le Pen, and Jean-Luc Mélenchon, a former Socialist who had run for president in 2012 with the backing of the French Communist Party. Macron, supported by Emmanuel Valls and Alain Juppé, quickly became voters' favorite due to his centrist antiestablishment message and the pro-European Union political program, the only prominent in a race that carried a strong undercurrent of Euroskepticism.
The first round of the presidential election on April 23, 2017 provided Emmanuel Macron with 24 percent of the vote, that placed him above the second Le Pen who captured 21 percent and the third Fillon and Mélenchon, each having about 20 percent. The runoff, held on May 7, 2017, ended with a convincing victory of Macron who earned two-thirds of the vote.
The event was welcomed outside of the country. With no existing party structure, Macron's first challenge in the post would be to secure a working majority in the French parliament. Although the turnout at the subsequent parliamentary elections turned to be the lowest in modern French history, just 42.6 percent, Macron's En Marche! reinforced by François Bayrou's Democratic Movement (MoDem) gained 350 of 577 seats.
Emmanuel Macron has been a recipient of many honours, including the Grand Cordons of the Order of Leopold and of the Order of the Republic of Tunisia, the Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Rose, of the Order of the Redeemer, and of the National Order of the Ivory Coast. He is Knight of the Order of the Elephant, Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, and Grand Officer of the Order of the Southern Cross.
Macron has been featured in TIME magazine's '"The 100 Most Influential People'" (leaders) with an homage penned by Christine Lagarde.
(The bestselling memoir by France's president, Emmanuel Ma...)
2016
Religion
Emmanuel Macron was brought up in a non-religious family. However, he asked them to christen him a Roman Catholic in 1989. Nowadays, Macron is agnostic.
Politics
Usually regarded as a centrist in general, Emmanuel Macron is often perceived by many experts as a social liberal or a social democrat.
As the Minister of the Economy and Industry, he proposed a package of reforms known as the loi Macron ("Macron law"), aimed to spark the moribund French economy, but the legislation triggered a revolt from the left wing of the Socialist Party. However, the law was enacted after February 2015 when Prime Minister Manuel Valls invoked Article 49 of the French constitution, a rarely used measure that allows a bill to pass without the consent of parliament on the condition that the government is then subjected to a vote of confidence.
As a result, restrictions on conducting business on Sundays were loosened and some professions were deregulated, but the labour market was largely untouched, and France's 35-hour workweek remained intact. Although it was a relatively modest reform package for a country, grappling with persistently high unemployment and slow growth, it sparked a fierce backlash from both the left and the right.
While a member of the French Socialist Party from 2006 to 2009, Emmanuel Macron supported its centrist wing, whose policies echoed the third way paradigm that had been promoted by President Bill Clinton in the United States and Prime Minister Tony Blair in Britain. Macron proposed a centre-left fusion of populism and neoliberalism.
Emmanuel Macron previously named himself a socialist but since August 2015, he has turned to describe his political affiliation as centrist liberal. He has rejected statements which classified him as an "ultra-liberal" economically. After the politician called himself both left-wing and liberal in his book Révolution, he has since been labeled a libertarian with a socially liberal viewpoint.
The Yellow Vests Protests were one of the hardest challenges for Macron's administration. The movement araised at the end of 2018 in response to the increasing of fuel taxes. Although in January 2019 the President proposed to organize "Great National Debate" in order to discuss economic ideas with the participation of town halls, the protests continued throughout the year.
The Head of the State summed up the interim results of his presidency during the first report news conference in April 2019. He promised to make further accent on "more humanist" approach and to lower taxes and increase pensions.
Facing the coronavirus pandemic in the early months of 2020, the French leader announced the closure of schools, restaurants and parks. He then took tougher actions including financial penalties for those who would violate self-isolation regime.
Views
Quotations:
"When politics is no longer a mission but a profession, politicians become more self-serving than public servants."
"We need people who dream impossible things, who maybe fail, sometimes succeed, but in any case who have that ambition."
"Believe in individual initiatives, in courage, in risk."
"I am from the Left, but I am happy to work with people from the Right."
"The best way to afford a suit is to work."
"You can block a marriage, but you cannot force a marriage."
"The financial passport is part of full access to the E.U. market, and a precondition for that is the contribution to the E.U. budget. That has been the case in Norway and in Switzerland. That is clear."
"To create greater convergence, we need more integration."
"My key message is be innovative, be ambitious; think global and big on day one."
Personality
Emmanuel Macron was very attached to his paternal grandmother Germaine. As he once stated, it was Germaine (or "Manette") who developed his passion for reading and influenced his left-ward political views.
As a young man, Macron studied piano for ten years. Robert Schumann and Franz Liszt are his favorite composers. He enjoys skiing, playing tennis and boxing. The French football club Olympique de Marseille is his favorite. He speaks English fluently.
Interests
reading
Sport & Clubs
skiing, boxing, playing tennis
Music & Bands
Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt
Connections
While attending high school in Amiens, Emmanuel Macron fell in love with his drama teacher, Brigitte Trogneux, 24 years his senior and then a married mother of three. Their affair was put on hold when he left for Paris at the insistence of his parents, but they eventually resumed their romance and married in 2007.
Father:
Jean-Michel Macron
(born 1950)
Jean-Michel Macron serves as a professor of neurology at the University of Picardy. His specialization is sleep disorders and epilepsy.
Mother:
Françoise Macron
(née Noguès; born 1950)
Spouse:
Brigitte Macron
(née Trogneux; born April 13, 1953)
A French schoolteacher of literature, Brigitte Marie-Claude Macron gave up her career in education to support her husband on his political way.
colleague:
Paul Ricoeur
(born February 27, 1913 – died May 20, 2005)
A French philosopher and historian Paul Ricoeur was hermeneutic phenomenologist. He was awarded the Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy in 2000.
colleague:
François Hollande
(born August 12, 1954)
François Hollande, in full François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande, is a French politican who served as the Head of France from 2012 to 2017. He is active in the Socialist Party.
References
Emmanuel Macron: The Extraordinary Rise and Risk
In this English biography of the French politician, an acclaimed Paris-based journalist Adam Plowright features never-before printed interviews with key members of Macron's team, his friends, mentors and political detractors.
2017
Emmanuel Macron and the Quest to Reinvent a Nation
Sophie Pedder examines the first year in office of France's youngest and most exciting president in modern times, with unique perspective from her time as head of The Economist's Paris bureau.
