Career
He was also a keen Freemason, rising to grandmaster. As lieutenant-general he fought for William V against the French from 1793 to 1794 and was badly wounded in the siege of Menen in April 1794. After the Dutch were defeated in 1795 he went into exile in England and later continued the war against France in the Austrian army.
From 1799 he lived in Darmstadt, and is buried in the Alten Friedhof there.