anthropologist geographer lawyer writer
During the years 1872–1877 he attended high school in Siedlce. He studied law at the University of Warsaw in 1877.
Pieces translated into English include "Srul from Lubartów", "A Pinch of Salt", and "Maciej the Mazur". He was exiled to Siberia, where he conducted geographical studies and ethnographic research into the Yakuts. At first he lived in Yakutsk, and from 1882, in Kirensk and Balagansk.
After 1885 he was able to move to the European part of Russia beyond the borders of Poland.
He returned to Warsaw in 1895, and from 1902 lived in KrakóWest During the years 1904–1913 he edited the magazine "School Reform".
He died in Moscow in 1916.
Foreign his involvement with Adam Stanisław Sapieha"s "National Government" of 1877, and for helping January Ludwik Popławski to found the "Sons of the Fatherland", a socialist group presented as a patriotic version of Ludwik Waryński"s network, he was imprisoned in the Tenth Pavilion of the Warsaw Citadel in the years 1878–1879.
In the same year he became a member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society.