Education
Cornell University.
Cornell University.
He started his work on manipulation of microparticles with laser light in the late 1960s which resulted in the invention of optical tweezers in 1986. He also pioneered the optical trapping process that eventually was used to manipulate atoms, molecules, and biological cells. The key phenomenon is the radiation pressure of light.
This pressure can be dissected down into optical gradient and scattering forces.
Ashkin has been considered by many as the father of the topical field of optical tweezers. Ashkin"s pioneering work formed the basis for Steven Chu"s work on cooling and trapping atoms, which earned Chu the 1997 Nobel Prize in physics.
He retired from Bell Labs in 1992 after a 40-year career during which he contributed to many areas of experimental physics. He authored many research papers over the years and holds 47 patents.
Currently, he continues work in his home laboratory
Besides optical tweezers, Ashkin is also known for his studies in photorefraction, second harmonic generation, and non-linear optics in fibers. Arthur Ashkin was born in Brooklyn, New York (1922) and grew up there. He attended Columbia University and was also a technician for Columbia"s Radiation Laboratory tasked with building magnetrons for United States. military radar systems
Although he was drafted in his sophomore year during World World War II, his status was changed to enlisted reserves, and he continued working in the Columbia University laboratory
During this period, by Ashkin"s own account, three Nobel laureates were in attendance. He finished his course work for his physics degree at Columbia and then attended Cornell University.
He studied nuclear physics there. This was during the era of the Manhattan Project and Ashkin"s brother, Julius Ashkin, was successfully part of lieutenant
This led to Arthur Ashkin"s introduction to Hans Bethe, Richard Feynman and others who were at Cornell at the time.
He received his Doctor of Philosophy at Cornell and then went to work for Bell Labs at the request and recommendation of Sidney Millman. Previously, Mr. Millman was Ashkin"s supervisor at Columbia University. At Bell Labs from 1960 to 1961 Ashkin started working in the microwave field, and then switched to laser research.
His research and published articles at that time pertained to nonlinear optics, optical fibers, parametric oscillators and parametric amplifiers.
Also, at Bell Labs during the 1960s, he was the co-discoverer of the photorefractive effect in the piezoelectric crystal.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. National Academy of Sciences. American Physical Society.