Lamartine, Voyage En Orient 1832-1833. Auszug in einem Bande mit erläuternden Noten, einem Wörterbuche und einem Register, Achte Auflage (German Edition)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
Graziella. Translated from the French by Bertha Norwood.
(
Title: Graziella: translated from the French of Lamarti...)
Title: Graziella: translated from the French of Lamartine by Bertha Norwood.
Publisher: British Library, Historical Print Editions
The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom. It is one of the world's largest research libraries holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats: books, journals, newspapers, sound recordings, patents, maps, stamps, prints and much more. Its collections include around 14 million books, along with substantial additional collections of manuscripts and historical items dating back as far as 300 BC.
The NOVELS OF THE 18th & 19th CENTURIES collection includes books from the British Library digitised by Microsoft. The collection includes major and minor works from a period which saw the development and triumph of the English novel. These classics were written for a range of audiences and will engage any reading enthusiast.
++++
The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification:
++++
British Library
Lamartine, Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de; Norwood, Bertha;
1876.
177 p. ; 8º.
12638.c.8.
History of the Girondists; or personal memoirs of the patriots of the French Revolution. ... Translated by H. T. Ryde.: III
(Mark Twain once famously said "there was but one solitary...)
Mark Twain once famously said "there was but one solitary thing about the past worth remembering, and that was the fact that it is past and can't be restored." Well, over recent years, The British Library, working with Microsoft has embarked on an ambitious programme to digitise its collection of 19th century books.
There are now 65,000 titles available (that's an incredible 25 million pages) of material ranging from works by famous names such as Dickens, Trollope and Hardy as well as many forgotten literary gems , all of which can now be printed on demand and purchased right here on Amazon.
Further information on The British Library and its digitisation programme can be found on The British Library website.
Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de Lamartine was a French writer, poet and politician who was instrumental in the foundation of the Second Republic and the continuation of the Tricolore as the flag of France. Lamartine is considered to be the first French romantic poet (though Charles-Julien Lioult de Chênedollé was working on similar innovations at the same time), and was acknowledged by Paul Verlaine and the Symbolists as an important influence.
Background
Lamartine was born in Mâcon, Burgundy, on 21 October 1790. His family were members of the French provincial nobility, and he spent his youth at the family estate. His father was a French country gentleman, and his mother was a woman of outstanding refinement and intelligence, who brought up her son according to Rousseau's principles of natural education.
Education
He was then sent to a Jesuit school for a traditional, pious education, which he completed in 1808.
He was a good student, described as a tall young man with an intense, proud expression.
Career
Lamartine had wanted to enter the army or the diplomatic corps, but, because France was ruled by Napoleon, whom his faithful royalist parents regarded as the usurper, they would not allow him to serve. Thus, he remained idle until the Bourbon monarchy was restored in 1814, when he served in Louis XVIII’s bodyguard. The following year, however, Napoleon returned from exile and attempted to rebuild his empire during the Hundred Days. Lamartine emigrated to Switzerland. After Napoleon’s defeat at Waterloo and the second Bourbon Restoration, he abandoned the military profession.
Attracted to literature, he wrote some tragedies in verse and a few elegies. By this time his health was not good, and he left for the spa of Aix-les-Bains, where, in October of 1816, on the shore of Lake Bourget, he met the brilliant but desperately ill Julie Charles. Early in 1812 Lamartine had fallen deeply in love with a young working girl named Antoniella. In 1815 he had learned of her death, and later he was to recast her as Graziella in his prose “anecdote” of that name. He now became passionately attached to Charles, who, because of her vast connections in Paris, was able to help him find a position. After her death in December 1817, Lamartine, who had already dedicated many strophes to her (notably “Le Lac”), devoted new verses to her memory (particularly “Le Crucifix”).
In 1820r he published his first collection of poetry, Méditations poétiques, which became immensely successful because of its new romantic tone and sincerity of feeling. It brought to French poetry a new music; the themes were at the same time intimate and religious. If the vocabulary remained that of the somewhat faded rhetoric of the preceding century, the resonance of the sentences, the power of the rhythm, and the passion for life sharply contrasted with the often-withered poetry of the 18th century. The book was so successful that Lamartine attempted to extend it two years later with his Nouvelles méditations poétiques and his Mort de Socrates, in which his preoccupation with metaphysics first became evident. Le Dernier Chant du pèlerinage d’Harold, published in 1825, revealed the charm that the English poet Lord Byron exerted over him. Lamartine was elected to the French Academy in 1829, and the following year he published the two volumes of Harmonies poétiques et religieuses, a sort of alleluia, filled with deist—and even occasionally Christian (“L’Hymne au Christ”)—enthusiasm.
In 1830, when Louis-Philippe acceded to the throne as constitutional monarch after the July Revolution, Lamartine abandoned his diplomatic career to enter politics. He refused to commit himself to the July Monarchy, however, and, preserving his independence, he set out to draw attention to social problems. After two unsuccessful attempts he was elected deputy in 1833. Yet he still wanted to write a poem, Les Visions, that he had been thinking about since 1821 and that he had conceived of as an “epic of the soul. ” The symbolic theme was that of a fallen angel cast out of heaven for having chosen the love of a woman and condemned to successive reincarnations until the day on which he realized that he “preferred God. ” Lamartine wrote the last fragment of this immense adventure first, and it appeared in 1836 as Jocelyn. It is the story of a young man who intended to take up the religious life but instead, when cast out of the seminary by the Revolution, falls in love with a young girl; recalled to the order by his dying bishop, he renounces his love and becomes a “man of God, ” a parish priest, consecrating his life to the service of his fellow men. In 1838 Lamartine published the first fragment of this vast metaphysical poem under the appropriate title La Chute d’un ange (“The Fall of an Angel”). In 1832–33 he travelled to Lebanon, Syria, and the Holy Land. He had by then definitively lost the Catholic faith he had tried to recover in 1820; a further blow was the death in Beirut, on December 7, 1832, of his only remaining child, Julia. A son born in Rome in 1821 had not survived infancy.
After a collection published in 1839 under the title Recueillements poétiques (“Poetic Meditations”), Lamartine interrupted his literary endeavours to become more active as a politician. He was convinced that the social question, which he himself called “the question of the proletariat, ” was the principal issue of his time. He deplored the inhumanity of the worker’s plight; he denounced the trusts and their dominant influence on governmental politics, directing against them two discourses, one in 1838 and another in 1846; and he held that a working-class revolution was inevitable and did not hesitate to hasten the hour, promising the authorities, in July 1847, a “revolution of scorn. ” In the same year he published his Histoire des Girondins, a history of the right, or moderate, Girondins during and after the French Revolution, which earned him immense popularity with the left-wing parties.
After the revolution of February 24, 1848, the Second Republic was proclaimed in Paris, and Lamartine became, in effect, head of the provisional government. Among the reforms passed during the early months of the Second Republic were the adoption of universal male suffrage and the abolition of slavery in French territories. The propertied classes, who were at first startled by this new government, pretended to accept the new circumstances, but they were unable to tolerate the fact that the working class possessed arms with which to defend themselves. In April 1848 Lamartine was elected to the National Assembly by 10 départements. The bourgeoisie, represented by the right-wing parties, thought they had elected in Lamartine a clever manipulator who could placate the proletariat while military forces capable of establishing order, such as they conceived of it, were being reconstituted. The bourgeoisie was enraged to discover, however, that Lamartine was, indeed, as he had proclaimed himself to be, the spokesman of the working class. On June 24, 1848, he was thrown out of office and the revolt crushed. He was a candidate in the presidential election of December 1848 and finished last, with little support.
A broken man, Lamartine entered the twilight of his life. He was 60 years old in 1850, and his debts were enormous, not because he had been personally extravagant but because of the allowances he gave his sisters to compensate for the total property inheritance he had received as the only male in the Lamartine family. For 20 years he struggled desperately, though in vain, against bankruptcy, publishing book after book: Raphaël, a transposed account of his love for Julie Charles; Les Confidences and Nouvelles Confidences, wherein he intermingled real and imaginary elements (Graziella is a fragment of it); the novels Geneviève (1851), Antoniella (1867), Mémoires politiques (1863), the last work being of great historical interest; a periodical titled Cours familiers de littérature (1856–1868/69), in which he published such poems as “La Vigne et la maison” and “Le Désert”; some historical works that remained unequaled, including Histoire des Constituants (1854), Histoire de la Restauration (1851–52), Histoire de la Russie (1855), and Histoire de la Turquie (1854–55). He died nearly forgotten by his contemporaries.
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
Religion
He advocated religious tolerance and mutual respect.
Politics
His eloquence and lofty principles gave him great personal authority among the democratic-minded, though he held himself aloof from all political parties, just as he had refused to ally himself with any literary coterie.
He was a political idealist who supported democracy and pacifism, his moderate stance on most issues caused many of his followers to desert him.
Personality
Lamartine spent his childhood and youth in the company of his mother and five sisters; that, together with an early developed love for nature, gave rise to a special softness of character and a tendency to sentimental dreaminess.
Interests
Alphonse de Lamartine was also an Orientalist with a particular interest in Lebanon and the Middle East. He travelled to Lebanon, Syria and the Holy Land in 1832–33. During that trip, while he was in Beirut, on 7 December 1832, he lost his only remaining child, Julia. During his trip to Lebanon he had met prince Bashir Shihab II and prince Simon Karam, who were enthusiasts of poetry. A valley in Lebanon is still called the Valley of Lamartine as a commemoration of that visit, and the Lebanon cedar forest still harbors the "Lamartine Cedar", which is said to be the cedar under which Lamartine had sat 200 years ago. Lamartine was so influenced by his trip that he staged his 1838 epic poem La Chute d'un ange (The Fall of an Angel) in Lebanon.
Raised by his mother to respect animal life, he found the eating of meat repugnant, saying 'One does not have one heart for Man and one for animals. One has a heart or one does not'. His writings in La chute d’un Ange (1838) and Les confidences (1849) would be taken up by supporters of vegetarianism in the twentieth century.
Connections
In 1820 he married Mary Ann Elisa Birch. They had 2 children: Felix and Marie Louise.