Background
He was born in Whitby, Yorkshire and after leaving school in 1950 did national service in the Army where he learnt the Russian language.
He was born in Whitby, Yorkshire and after leaving school in 1950 did national service in the Army where he learnt the Russian language.
He then trained as a teacher and did post-graduate work at the University of Leeds, before becoming a lecturer at the University of Essex in 1968. He was known for his television appearances on Channel 4 News as an expert on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. He also contributed to British Broadcasting Corporation News 24, British Broadcasting Corporation World Service, British Broadcasting Corporation Radio Five Live and independent radio stations.
After his retirement as a professor he was a Professorial Research Fellow at the University of Essex and wrote a biography of Joseph Richard Bagshawe, the founding secretary of the Staithes group of painters.