Master of Public Administration, Harvard University, 1983.
Administrator officer, secretary, government secretariat Civil Service, 1971—1996. Indiana Commission Against Corruption (Independent Commission Against Corruption), 1977—1979. Deputy secretary-general former Unofficial Members of the Executive and Legislative Council Office, 1985—1986.
Deputy secretary Economic Services, 1986—1990, Works, 1990—1991. Commissioner Transportation, 1992—1995. Secretary Finance Services, 1995—2000.
Managing director Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Authority, 2000—2003. Director Kowloon Motor Bus Holdings Ltd., 2004—2005. Chief secretary Administrator of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government (HKSARG), since 2005.
Member of Hong Kong Arts Festival Society (vice-chairman 2001-2005), Committee of the Hong Kong Philharmonic Society Ltd. (executive member 2004-2005), Hong Kong International Film Festival Society Ltd. (honorary secretary 2004-2005), Hong Kong Jockey Club (Steward 2002-2005).