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Redfield Proctor was born on June 1, 1831 in Proctorsville, Vermont, United States. The early death of his father, Jabez Proctor, left the training of the five children in the hands of their mother, Betsey (Parker) Proctor, a woman of rare ability and character.
Redfield graduated from Dartmouth College in 1851.
After spending some years in business in Proctorsville he studied law at Albany, New York, and had practised for a time with his cousin, Isaac F. Redfield, in Boston, when the Civil War broke out.
He at once enlisted and became major in the 5th Vermont Regiment. In 1862 an army surgeon ordered him home from Virginia because of tuberculosis. Outdoor life, especially fishing and hunting, restored his health, and he returned as colonel of the 15th Vermont Regiment and participated in the battle of Gettysburg.
After his return home he formed a law partnership in Rutland with Wheelock G. Veazey. His appointment in 1869 as the receiver of a small marble company at Sutherland Falls proved to be a turning point in his life. He organized a company to utilize available natural resources, to consolidate all activities, and to develop them under one management. His success was phenomenal; by 1880 he was the able president of the Vermont Marble Company. He always took a personal interest in his employees and built up a loyal organization.
Meanwhile, he had risen in politics from selectman to governor and had had service in the Vermont legislature. As governor from 1878 to 1880, he had a businesslike and progressive administration. In 1888 as leader of the Vermont delegation to the Republican National Convention at Chicago, he was the only chairman who on each ballot announced the solid vote of his state for the successful presidential nominee, Benjamin Harrison.
After the election he was appointed secretary of war. After almost three years of service, he resigned to enter the United States Senate as the successor of George F. Edmunds. He was reelected three times and served in the Senate from 1891 till his death. On March 17, 1898, he delivered an important speech - one of those rare utterances that seem to shape public policies. Desiring first-hand information about conditions in Cuba he had gone to the island and made his own investigation. Upon his return, at the request of his colleagues, without prearrangement or realization of the remarkable effect, he told in simple, clear language what he had seen and believed. Harrison wrote that this speech "aroused the nation, and yet there was not a lurid adjective in it".
The war with Spain soon followed. While senator, he was particularly interested in his work on the committees on agriculture and military affairs.
In 1904 he edited from the original manuscripts in the Library of Congress the Records of Conventions in the New Hampshire Grants for the Independence of Vermont, 1776-1777. He died of pneumonia in Washington.
Redfield Proctor was the president of the Vermont Marble Company, which became the largest producer of marble in the world. As a politician, he organized the record and pension division and introduced a card index system so efficient that ninety-eight per cent of all pension cases were answerd within twenty-four hours of their receipt. In the Republican National Convention in 1896 he played a prominent role, particularly in framing the important "gold" plank in the platform. In the great campaign that followed he also played a leading part. His charitable gifts included many small churches in his state. He also established the Vermont sanatorium to lead the fight against tuberculosis in his state.
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He had keen business sense. He had interest in human beings, along with his business and political ability. He was not an orator, but he usually spoke convincingly and upon a solid basis of fact that he had previously mastered.
On May 26, 1858, he married Emily J. Dutton, by whom he had five children. Two of Proctor's children, Fletcher D. Proctor and Redfield Proctor, Jr. , served as Governors of Vermont, as did his grandson Mortimer R. Proctor.
