Background
Scheer was born in Obernkirchen, present-day Lower Saxony on September 30, 1863.
(Nachdruck des Originals von 1919.)
Nachdruck des Originals von 1919.
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Scheer was born in Obernkirchen, present-day Lower Saxony on September 30, 1863.
Reinhard Scheer entered the navy on 22 April 1879 aged 15 as a cadet.
He served ten years in the torpedo fleet. Shortly before the Battle of Jutland (May 31, 1916), owing to the illness of Admiral Hugo von Pohl, Vice-Admiral Scheer was temporarily appointed chief of the High-Sea Fleet. At Jutland he led the fleet in the most important naval engagement of World War I, claimed by Germany as its greatest naval victory and acknowledged by the British as a German tactical success. Shortly after Jutland, Scheer's appointment as commander of the High-Sea Fleet became permanent. On July 2, 1918, Scheer succeeded Henning von Holtzendorff as chief of the German Admiralty Staff. Admiral Scheer was a confirmed believer in unrestricted submarine warfare. In October 1918, he ordered the entire fleet into the English Channel, hoping to relieve the heavy pressure on the Western Front, but the crews at Wilhelmshaven mutinied. He was retired on November 14, 1918, and resided in Weimar, devoting himself to writing. He wrote Germany's High-Sea Fleet in the World War (1920), and Vom Segelschiff zum U-Boot (1925). He died at Weimar, Thuringia, November 26, 1928.
At the outbreak of World War I, Scheer was the commander of the II Battle Squadron of the High Seas Fleet. Scheer wrote his memoirs of the Great War in 1919, which were translated into English the following year.
He was awarded Knight Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Franz Joseph (Austro-Hungarian Empire), Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class (Japan), Grand Officer of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Italy), Order of the Iron Crown, 3rd class (Austria), Order of Saint Stanislaus, 2nd class, Grand Cross of the Order of the Red Eagle (Prussia), Pour le Mérite (5 June 1916), Oak Leaves added 1 February 1918 (Prussia), Iron Cross of 1914, 1st and 2nd class, Knight's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern
Service Award (Prussia), Order of the Crown, 1st class with Swords (Prussia), Grand Cross of the Military Order of Max Joseph (Kingdom of Bavaria), Grand Cross of the House Order of Albert the Bear (Anhalt), Grand Cross of the Military Merit Order (Bavaria), Knight's Cross of the Military Order of St. Henry (Saxony, 23 June 1916), Grand Cross of the Albert Order (Saxony), Grand Cross of the Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg), Honorary Grand Cross of the House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis (Oldenburg), Knight of the Military Merit Order (Württemberg), Military Merit Cross, 1st class (Mecklenburg-Schwerin).
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He married Emillie and they had a daughter. In October 1920, an intruder broke into Scheer's house and murdered his wife and his maid, and injured his daughter Else.
