Background
Richard Dabney was born in 1787 in Louisa County, Virginia, United States. He was a son of Samuel Dabney and his wife Jane Meriwether (aunt of the explorer Meriwether Lewis). His father, member of an old Virginia family of distinguished descent, was a small planter, able to provide his twelve children with only meager educational advantages.
Education
Richard, when about sixteen entered a classical school where he made astonishing progress with Greek and Latin, and shortly won a position as assistant teacher in a Richmond academy.
Career
In 1812 Richard published at Richmond a small volume of Poems, Original and Translated, but, disappointed at the indifference shown it, soon sought its suppression.
Seeking a literary career, he moved to Philadelphia, where he remained for a few years in the employ of Mathew Carey, the”publisher, and is supposed to have written a large part of the latter’s powerful plea for party unity in war-time, The Olive Branch; or Faults on Both Sides, Federal and Democratic (1814). In 1815 a revised and augmented edition of the Poems, likewise a losing venture, was issued by Carey. The original poems consist of “Illustrations of the Simple Moral Emotions” and miscellaneous patriotic or love lyrics; two-fifths of the volume is composed of translations or adaptations from the Greek, Latin, and Italian, with one piece from the French.
Of the original compositions with their naive prefaces and notes, shadowy abstractions, and amateurish refrains, little needs to be said; many are didactic and funereal, others echo recent English poets.
The translations, the work of a scholar rather than a poet, are better, although undistinguished. His rendering of Greek and Latin lacks the simple lucidity of the classics; his sonnets from the Italian show a prosodical concern unusual in his writings, save in his blank verse, yet similarly fail to “touch the magic string. ” Intellectual range and vigor are more noticeable in his verse than metrical talent; too often his product is marred by unnatural syntax, limping rhythms, or impossible rhymes. His claim to poetic attainment seemingly lies in the mere fact that his book was twice printed; it is incredible that any one should examine the poems thoughtfully and yet overestimate them so grossly as has customarily been done.
From Philadelphia Dabney returned to Louisa County, where he read extensively, enjoyed freely the convivial social life of the region, and, at the instigation of neighbors, taught a small school. To him was erroneously attributed, in 1818, over his disclaimer, the authorship of a widely admired classical poem, Rhododaphne. His increased dependence upon opium, first prescribed in consequence of painful injuries contracted at the burning of the Richmond Theatre, December 26, 1811, and his lifelong fondness for drink rendered his last years creatively barren.
Connections
Richard Dabney was unmarried.