Background
Austrian, Robert was born on April 12, 1916 in Baltimore. Son of Charles Robert and Florence (Hochschild) Austrian.
department chairman internist medical educator
Austrian, Robert was born on April 12, 1916 in Baltimore. Son of Charles Robert and Florence (Hochschild) Austrian.
AB, Johns Hopkins University, 1937; Doctor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1941; Doctor of Science honoris causa, Hahnemann Medical College, 1980; Doctor of Science honoris causa, Philadelphia College Pharmacy and Science, 1981; Doctor of Science honoris causa, University of Pennsylvania, 1987; Doctor of Science honoris causa, State University of New York, 1996.
Austrian received his Doctor of Medicine from Johns Hopkins University and did his fellowships in Infectious Diseases at Johns Hopkins and New York University. He went on to found the Infectious Diseases division and fellowship program at the University of Pennsylvania and was chairman of the department of research medicine there from 1962-1986. Austrian’s awards include the Maxwell Finland plenary lecture at the Infectious Diseases Society of America annual session in 1974. entitled “Random gleanings from a life with the pneumococcus” and the 1978 Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award.
His Lasker award was for the development and clear demonstration of the efficacy of a purified vaccine of capsular polysaccharides in the prevention of pneumococcal disease.
Prior to the Austrian polysaccharide vaccine scientists had prepared simpler whole bacteria and capsular polysaccharide vaccines but they were not accepted as standard of care by the medical community. Several medical authorities touted this era as “the end of infectious diseases” due to the remarkable mortality benefits derived from new antimicrobials and anti-parasitics and vaccine research was not thought to be worthwhile.
When antibiotics came into use for the cure of pneumococcal infections in the 1950s and 60s, further pneumococcal vaccine development was abandoned. Austrian chose to focus on prevention rather than antibiotic treatment of this debilitating disease.
Beginning with surveillance studies which he conducted revealed that despite antibiotic therapy, there were still, in the 1960s, almost half as many deaths from pneumonia in the United States as there were at the turn of the century.
Austrian also established that persons over 50 years of age, and those with chronic debilitating diseases were the largest group at risk. Austrian established a tremendous knowledge base of pneumococcal biology. He analyzed 83 known types of pneumococci, and determined 14 types were responsible for 80% of invasive pneumococcal infections in man, and that the outer coatings or capsules of these organisms should be included in an effective vaccine.
Austrian then devised a multi-valent polysaccharide vaccine and then played a major role in the successful clinical trials which resulted in its licensure.
His Lasker award reads as follows “Foreign his persistent, dedicated efforts which permitted the development of a vaccine that soon may significantly reduce human disease caused by the pneumococcus, this Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award is given.”
Robert Austrian also gives rise to the medical eponym "Austrian syndrome" which describes the clinical syndrome of pneumococcal meningitis, pneumonia and endocarditis, after his 1957 paper in Archives of Internal Medicine.
Trustee Johns Hopkins University, 1963-1969. Served to captain Medical Corps Army of the United States, 1943-1945. Fellow American College of Physicians (master, James D. Bruce Memorial award 1979), New York Academy Sciences, American Academy Microbiology, American Association for the Advancement of Science (chairman of the section on medical science 1975).
Member Association American Physicians, American Society Clinical Investigation, American Clinical and Climatological Association (president 1984), American Society Microbiology (vice president New York branch 1961-1962), American Philosophical Society, National Academy Sciences, Society Experimental Biology and Medicine, Harvey Society, American Federation Clinical Research, Institute Medicine (senior), Baltimore Medical Society, American Association Immunologists, New York Academy of Medicine (secretary section microbiology 1961-1962), Philadelphia County Medical Society (Strittmatter award 1979), College Physicians Philadelphia (Meritorious Svc. award 1980, president-elect 1986, president 1988-1989, Distinguished Svc. medal 1997), Interurban Clinical Club (president 1970), Infectious Disease Society American (president 1971, Maxwell Finland lecture award 1974, Bristol award 1986), Johns Hopkins Society Scholars, Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, Alpha Omega Alpha, Omicron Delta Kappa.
Married Babette Friedmann Bernstein, December 29, 1963 (deceased 2000). Stepchildren: Jill Bernstein, Toni Amber.