(Financial Management in Health Care Organizations by McLe...)
Financial Management in Health Care Organizations by McLean, Robert Cengage ...
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Robert McLean was born on October 1, 1891, in Philadelphia. He was the second of four children of William Lippard McLean, a newspaper publisher, and Sarah Burd Warden. When McLean was four years old, his father bought the Philadelphia Evening and Sunday Bulletin at an executor's sale and subsequently transformed it into the city's largest newspaper.
After graduating from the Hill School, in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, McLean entered Princeton University, where he served as managing editor of the Daily Princetonian. He majored in political history and received a Litt. B. degree in 1913. In 1947, McLean received honorary doctorates from Princeton and Columbia universities.
McLean went to work for his father's newspaper, first as a truck driver in the Circulation Department, and eventually in every other department of the newspaper. McLean joined the prestigious First Troop of Philadelphia City Cavalry in 1915, and served with them under General Pershing on the Mexican border in the years 1916-1917. After American entry into World War I in 1917, McLean received a commission as lieutenant in the cavalry of the United States Army Reserve Corps. He soon transferred to the field artillery and was assigned to training duty at Camp Meade, Maryland, and Fort Sill, Okla. He was discharged with the rank of major in 1919, and was thereafter referred to as "the Major. " Continuing his rise through the ranks at the Bulletin, McLean was elected its vice-president in 1922. In 1924, the elder McLean retired from the board of directors of the Associated Press (AP), a joint news-gathering organization, and his son Robert was elected to take his seat. McLean became first vice-president of the AP in 1936, and its president in 1938. In 1941, McLean expanded the AP's operations to include services to radio stations. McLean's father started turning over control of the Bulletin to his son in 1928. When William McLean died in 1931, the newspaper company elected Robert McLean the new president of the Bulletin Company, the newspaper's parent corporation. McLean helped the newspaper survive and even expand during the lean years of the Great Depression.
After the nation's entry into World War II, the Roosevelt administration invited McLean to become a member of a fact-finding mission to England to study war conditions. McLean also accepted a Truman administration invitation in 1946 to travel to east Asia, where he and two other newspaper publishers met with Emperor Hirohito of Japan and Chinese Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek. McLean and the AP ran afoul of federal antitrust law in the early 1940's, as the result of the organization's policy of excluding any new member that was opposed by an existing member. The Department of Justice began an antitrust lawsuit in 1942, after the exclusion of the Chicago Sun, and the ruling against the AP was upheld by the Supreme Court in a 1944 decision, which forced the AP to change its restrictive membership policies. McLean and the Bulletin prospered in the immediate postwar years, when favorable economic conditions helped newspapers to prosper everywhere. In 1947, McLean's company acquired the Philadelphia Record, which had been financially crippled by a Newspaper Guild strike. The Bulletin Company also acquired radio station WCAU and subsequently started an affiliated television station. The advent of television, as well as the growing number of automobiles, hampering delivery of afternoon newspapers, eventually began to take its toll on afternoon newspapers in the 1950's. With a circulation of 761, 000 in 1947, the Bulletin ranked as one of the largest afternoon newspapers in the nation, but circulation declined to 725, 000 by the 1960's. In 1957, McLean decided to cut back on his activities. He resigned from the presidency of the AP, although he continued as a director and member of the executive committee until 1968. In 1959, McLean relinquished the presidency of the Bulletin to his nephew and ascended to the honorary position of chairman of the board. In 1964, McLean completely severed his ties with the Bulletin and moved to Montecito, Calif. , where he had bought the Santa Barbara News-Press and an affiliated radio station. He served as the newspaper's chairman until his death in 1980. Shortly after Robert McLean's death, the McLean family sold their interests in the Bulletin to the Charter Media Company. The newspaper's circulation had declined to 400, 000, and it had become increasingly unprofitable. The newspaper ceased circulation in 1982.
(Financial Management in Health Care Organizations by McLe...)
As a nominally Republican newspaper, the Bulletin opposed President Franklin D. Roosevelt's domestic New Deal policies, though not so vehemently as other partisan publications. Like many other East Coast Republicans, McLean supported Roosevelt's efforts to increase American involvement in international affairs.
McLean was a strong proponent of freedom of the press, and criticized the Truman administration in 1951, after the president complained about newspapers and magazines publishing "secret" information. A more local conflict arose in 1963, when the Bulletin initiated a lawsuit to allow its reporters to gain access to patrons' records of books borrowed from the Philadelphia Public Library.
McLean was an able newspaperman who built up a newspaper with a reputation for accuracy and avoidance of sensationalism. His newspapers benefited from the prosperity of the immediate postwar years but eventually succumbed to the growing power of television and rush-hour traffic congestion that decimated the ranks of afternoon newspapers throughout the nation.
McLean married Clare Randolph Goode on April 28, 1919. They had no issue, but they later adopted two children.
